Retrospective HRMS Screening and Dedicated Target Analysis Reveal a Wide Exposure to Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Small Streams
| Autor: | Barbara F. Günthardt, Heinz Singer, Martin Scheringer, Jana Härri, Felix E. Wettstein, Juliane Hollender, Konrad Hungerbühler, Thomas D. Bucheli |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Growing season
010501 environmental sciences Senecio 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Senecio inaequidens Tandem Mass Spectrometry Humans Environmental Chemistry Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Retrospective Studies 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Pollutant biology General Chemistry 15. Life on land Contamination Pesticide biology.organism_classification Echium vulgare 6. Clean water 3. Good health chemistry 13. Climate action Environmental chemistry Pyrrolizidine Switzerland Chromatography Liquid |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Science & Technology, 55 (2) |
| ISSN: | 0013-936X |
| Popis: | Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are found to be toxic pollutants emitted into the environment by numerous plant species, resulting in contamination. In this article, we investigate the occurrence of PAs in the aquatic environment of small Swiss streams combining two different approaches. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by numerous plant species. Although they were classified as persistent and mobile and found to be emitted into the environment, their occurrence in surface waters is largely unknown. Therefore, we performed a retrospective data analysis of two extensive HRMS campaigns each covering five small streams in Switzerland over the growing season. All sites were contaminated with up to 12 individual PAs and temporal detection frequencies between 36 and 87%. Individual PAs were in the low ng/L range, but rain-induced maximal total PA concentrations reached almost 100 ng/L in late spring and summer. Through PA patterns in water and plants, several species were tentatively identified as the source of contamination, with Senecio spp. and Echium vulgare being the most important. Additionally, two streams were monitored, and PAs were quantified with a newly developed, faster, and more sensitive LC–MS/MS method to distinguish different plant-based and indirect human PA sources. A distinctly different PA fingerprint in aqueous plant extracts pointed to invasive Senecio inaequidens as the main source of the surface water contamination at these sites. Results indicate that PA loads may increase if invasive species are sufficiently abundant. ISSN:0013-936X ISSN:1520-5851 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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