Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate in Urine and Serum: Additional Data Supporting Current Cut-Off Recommendations
| Autor: | Achim Schmoldt, Hilke Andresen, Stefanie Iwersen-Bergmann, Alexander Mueller, N. Sprys |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Narcotics medicine.medical_specialty Pathology Adolescent Injury control Poison control Urine Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Pathology and Forensic Medicine Forensic Toxicology Reference Values Internal medicine medicine Humans Volume concentration Aged business.industry Forensic toxicology Gamma hydroxybutyrate Middle Aged Serum samples Endocrinology Postmortem Changes Female Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry Sodium Oxybate business Law |
| Zdroj: | Forensic Science International. 200:93-99 |
| ISSN: | 0379-0738 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.03.035 |
| Popis: | Besides the use of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a recreational drug, use of GHB as an agent in drug-facilitated crime should also be considered. In these cases, there is often a delay of several hours from the incident to collection of the samples. As GHB has a very short plasma half-life, the window of detection is small and in the majority of these specimens, levels of GHB are low. Because GHB is naturally occurring in humans, discrimination between endogenous and exogenous GHB is complicated, particularly in those samples with low concentrations. In this study, endogenous GHB levels of 50 serum and 50 urine samples were determined by GC-MS after conversion to trimethyl-silyl-derivatives. Concentrations in serum ranged from 0.62 to 3.24 mg/L (mean=1.14 mg/L; median=0.97 mg/L) and from 0.64 to 4.20mg/L (mean=1.21 mg/L; median=0.96 mg/L) in urine. Based on this substantial data, the current suggested lower cut-off of 4 mg/L in ante mortem serum samples could be confirmed. For urine, we propose the lower cut-off of 6 mg/L instead of 10mg/L to avoid false negative interpretation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect