Inactivated and live, attenuated influenza vaccines protect mice against influenza:Streptococcus pyogenes super-infections
| Autor: | Evelyn H. Schlenker, Michael S. Chaussee, Leslie A. Addengast, Victor C. Huber, Margaret J. Schuneman, Heather R. Sandbulte, Frank P. DePaula |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Influenza vaccine
Streptococcus pyogenes Orthomyxoviridae Biology medicine.disease_cause Antibodies Viral Vaccines Attenuated Virus Article Mice Orthomyxoviridae Infections Immunity Streptococcal Infections Streptococcus pneumoniae medicine Live attenuated influenza vaccine Animals Immunity Mucosal Lung Mice Inbred BALB C Microbial Viability General Veterinary General Immunology and Microbiology Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health virus diseases biology.organism_classification Virology Antibodies Neutralizing Vaccination Disease Models Animal Infectious Diseases Vaccines Inactivated Influenza Vaccines Superinfection Immunology Molecular Medicine Cytokines Female Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid |
| Popis: | Mortality associated with influenza virus super-infections is frequently due to secondary bacterial complications. To date, super-infections with Streptococcus pyogenes have been studied less extensively than those associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. This is significant because a vaccine for S. pyogenes is not clinically available, leaving vaccination against influenza virus as our only means for preventing these super-infections. In this study, we directly compared immunity induced by two types of influenza vaccine, either inactivated influenza virus (IIV) or live, attenuated influenza virus (LAIV), for the ability to prevent super-infections. Our data demonstrate that both IIV and LAIV vaccines induce similar levels of serum antibodies, and that LAIV alone induces IgA expression at mucosal surfaces. Upon super-infection, both vaccines have the ability to limit the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the lung, including IFN-γ which has been shown to contribute to mortality in previous models of super-infection. Limiting expression of these pro-inflammatory cytokines within the lungs subsequently limits recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils to pulmonary surfaces, and ultimately protects both IIV- and LAIV-vaccinated mice from mortality. Despite their overall survival, both IIV- and LAIV-vaccinated mice demonstrated levels of bacteria within the lung tissue that are similar to those seen in unvaccinated mice. Thus, influenza virus:bacteria super-infections can be limited by vaccine-induced immunity against influenza virus, but the ability to prevent morbidity is not complete. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|