Swine Farming Is a Risk Factor for Infection With and High Prevalence of Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
| Autor: | Ellen Heywood, Ashley E. Kates, Megan K. Quick, Sarah A. Farina, James Y. Wu, Blake M. Hanson, Tara C. Smith, Charles F. Lynch, Sean M. O'Malley, Shylo E. Wardyn, Margaret Carrel, Brett M. Forshey, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Rajeshwari Nair, Hannah W. Shows |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Adult Male Veterinary medicine Staphylococcus aureus Adolescent Swine animal diseases Population Biology Staphylococcal infections medicine.disease_cause Young Adult Antibiotic resistance Risk Factors Drug Resistance Multiple Bacterial Occupational Exposure medicine Prevalence Animals Humans Colonization Prospective Studies education Child Articles and Commentaries Aged Skin Aged 80 and over education.field_of_study Infant Agriculture Environmental exposure Environmental Exposure Middle Aged Staphylococcal Infections medicine.disease Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Iowa Infectious Diseases Carriage Child Preschool Carrier State Pharynx Female Nasal Cavity |
| Zdroj: | Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 61(1) |
| ISSN: | 1537-6591 |
| Popis: | Staphylococcus aureus colonizes approximately 30% of Americans and causes a range of infections [1]. An estimated 1.5% of the US population is colonized with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) [2, 3]; emergence of multidrug-resistant strains increases this burden [4]. Staphylococcus aureus epidemiology has changed considerably in recent decades. Livestock-associated S. aureus (LA-SA) strains, including sequence type (ST) 398 and ST9, are often associated with swine, cattle, and poultry exposure [5], but little is known regarding LA-SA carriage and infection in the United States [6, 7]. ST398 carriage has been reported in areas with a high density of swine [8–12]. ST398 is the dominant MRSA strain on European farms [6, 13] and has been documented in the United States [11, 14]. It is unknown if ST398 colonizes a broader population of livestock workers or if additional strains may be zoonotic and spreading on US farms. Common human strains of t002/ST5 and t008/ST8 have been found in live pigs in North America [15–19]. Invasive human disease caused by ST398 has been reported, even in those without animal contact, suggesting that bidirectional spread of these strains is possible [6]. Many studies have investigated S. aureus colonization and infection in the healthcare setting [20]. Fewer have assessed its ecology and transmission in the community [21], and most of these have been conducted in urban areas [22, 23]. In a rural state like Iowa, which ranks third nationally in overall livestock production and first in swine production, transmission of S. aureus between pigs and farmers and into the broader community could complicate efforts to control S. aureus transmission statewide, and could have effects nationally due to movement of colonized pigs or travel by colonized humans. In this study, we report the prevalence of S. aureus colonization and infection among a population of Iowans, along with molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and risk factors for carriage. We identified potential transmission within households and associations between duration of livestock exposure and LA-SA carriage. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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