Evaluating the impact of ambient benzene vapor concentrations on product water from Condensation Water From Air technology
Autor: | Thomas M. Hughes, Christopher A. Gellasch, Thomas C. Timmes, James S. Dusenbury, Katherine M. Kinder |
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Rok vydání: | 2017 |
Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Air pollution 010501 environmental sciences medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Heat exchanger medicine Environmental Chemistry Waste Management and Disposal Air quality index 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Aerosols Air Pollutants Waste management Drinking Water Temperature Environmental engineering Benzene Pollution Water resources Atmospheric water generator Environmental science Water treatment Water quality Water vapor Environmental Monitoring |
Zdroj: | Science of The Total Environment. :60-68 |
ISSN: | 0048-9697 |
Popis: | Globally, drinking water resources are diminishing in both quantity and quality. This situation has renewed interest in Condensation Water From Air (CWFA) technology, which utilizes water vapor in the air to produce water for both potable and non-potable purposes. However, there are currently insufficient data available to determine the relationship between air contaminants and the rate at which they are transferred from the air into CWFA untreated product water. This study implemented a novel experimental method utilizing an environmental test chamber to evaluate how air quality and temperature affects CWFA untreated product water quality in order to collect data that will inform the type of water treatment required to protect human health. This study found that temperature and benzene air concentration affected the untreated product water from a CWFA system. Benzene vapor concentrations representing a polluted outdoor environment resulted in benzene product water concentrations between 15% and 23% of the USEPA drinking water limit of 5μg/l. In contrast, product water benzene concentrations representing an indoor industrial environment were between 1.4 and 2.4 times higher than the drinking water limit. Lower condenser coil temperatures were correlated with an increased concentration of benzene in the product water. Environmental health professionals and engineers can integrate the results of this assessment to predict benzene concentrations in the product water and take appropriate health protective measures. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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