Bacterial and Bacteriophage Antibiotic Resistance in Marine Bathing Waters in Relation to Rivers and Urban Streams
| Autor: | Liam J. Reynolds, John O'Sullivan, Laura Sala-Comorera, Jayne H. Stephens, Wim G. Meijer, Tristan M. Nolan, Gregory M. P. O'Hare, Anjan Venkatesh, Lily Cheung, Niamh A. Martin, Aurora Gitto |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Pollution bacteriophages urban streams Bathing media_common.quotation_subject STREAMS Microbiology Bacteriophage 03 medical and health sciences antibiotic resistance genes Organism 030304 developmental biology media_common Original Research 0303 health sciences biology 030306 microbiology Ecology Contamination biology.organism_classification QR1-502 rivers Environmental science fecal pollution microbial source tracking Surface water Bay bathing waters |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1664-302X |
| Popis: | Fecal pollution of surface water may introduce bacteria and bacteriophages harboring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the aquatic environment. Watercourses discharging into the marine environment, especially close to designated bathing waters, may expose recreational users to fecal pollution and therefore may increase the likelihood that they will be exposed to ARGs. This study compares the bacterial and bacteriophage ARG profiles of two rivers (River Tolka and Liffey) and two small urban streams (Elm Park and Trimleston Streams) that discharge close to two marine bathing waters in Dublin Bay. Despite the potential differences in pollution pressures experienced by these waterways, microbial source tracking analysis showed that the main source of pollution in both rivers and streams in the urban environment is human contamination. All ARGs included in this study, blaTEM, blaSHV, qnrS, and sul1, were present in all four waterways in both the bacterial and bacteriophage fractions, displaying a similar ARG profile. We show that nearshore marine bathing waters are strongly influenced by urban rivers and streams discharging into these, since they shared a similar ARG profile. In comparison to rivers and streams, the levels of bacterial ARGs were significantly reduced in the marine environment. In contrast, the bacteriophage ARG levels in freshwater and the marine were not significantly different. Nearshore marine bathing waters could therefore be a potential reservoir of bacteriophages carrying ARGs. In addition to being considered potential additional fecal indicators organism, bacteriophages may also be viewed as indicators of the spread of antimicrobial resistance. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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