The Arctic Cloud Puzzle: Using ACLOUD/PASCAL Multiplatform Observations to Unravel the Role of Clouds and Aerosol Particles in Arctic Amplification
Autor: | Heiko Bozem, Peter Hoor, Oliver Eppers, Ulrike Egerer, Mathias Palm, Marcel Nicolaus, Matthias Gottschalk, Delphine Leroy, Manfred Wendisch, Andreas Herber, Jan Kretzschmar, Régis Dupuy, Erlend M. Knudsen, Christophe Gourbeyre, Kerstin Ebell, Gunnar Spreen, C. Engler, Klaus Dethloff, Johannes Stapf, Alfons Schwarzenböck, Roland Neuber, André Ehrlich, Martin Gehrmann, Michael Schäfer, Mario Mech, André Welti, Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Manuela van Pinxteren, Hans Christian Clemen, Tobias Donth, Georg Heygster, Marlen Brückner, Johannes Quaas, Xianda Gong, Philipp Richter, Susanne Crewell, Frank Stratmann, Patric Seifert, Udo Kästner, Jörg Hartmann, Dmitry Chechin, Justus Notholt, Johannes Schneider, Martin Schnaiter, Evelyn Jäkel, Alfred Wiedensohler, Simonas Kecorius, Luca Lelli, Hannes Griesche, Teresa Vogl, Christof Lüpkes, Elena Ruiz-Donoso, Franziska Köllner, Carola Barrientos Velasco, Olivier Jourdan, Ronny Engelmann, Marion Maturilli, Hartmut Herrmann, Emma Järvinen, Marco Zanatta, Katja Schmieder, Bernd Heinold, Holger Siebert, Andreas Macke, Heike Wex, Tatiana Nomokonova, Stephan Mertes, Matthew D. Shupe, Soheila Jafariserajehlou, Markus Hartmann, G. Mioche, Linlu Mei |
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Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
Atmospheric Science
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences business.industry Cloud computing Pascal (programming language) 010502 geochemistry & geophysics 01 natural sciences Aerosol The arctic Earth sciences Climatology ddc:550 Polar amplification Environmental science business computer 0105 earth and related environmental sciences computer.programming_language |
Zdroj: | EPIC3Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, 100(5), pp. 841-871, ISSN: 0003-0007 Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100 (5), 841-871 |
ISSN: | 1520-0477 0003-0007 |
DOI: | 10.1175/bams-d-18-0072.1 |
Popis: | A consortium of polar scientists combined observational forces in a field campaign of unprecedented complexity to uncover the secrets of clouds and their role in Arctic amplification. Two research aircraft, an icebreaker research vessel, an ice-floe camp including an instrumented tethered balloon, and a permanent ground-based measurement station were employed in this endeavour. Clouds play an important role in Arctic amplification. This term represents the recently observed enhanced warming of the Arctic relative to the global increase of near-surface air temperature. However, there are still important knowledge gaps regarding the interplay between Arctic clouds and aerosol particles, surface properties, as well as turbulent and radiative fluxes that inhibit accurate model simulations of clouds in the Arctic climate system. In an attempt to resolve this so-called Arctic cloud puzzle, two comprehensive and closely coordinated field studies were conducted: the ”Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD)” aircraft campaign, and the ”Physical feedbacks of Arctic boundary layer, Sea ice, Cloud and AerosoL (PASCAL)” ice breaker expedition. Both observational studies were performed in the framework of the German ”ArctiC Amplification:Climate Relevant Atmospheric and SurfaCe Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3” project. They took place in the vicinity of Svalbard (Norway) in May and June 2017. ACLOUD and PASCAL explored four pieces of the Arctic cloud puzzle: Cloud properties, aerosol impact on clouds, atmospheric radiation, and turbulent-dynamical processes. The two instrumented Polar 5 and Polar 6 aircraft, the icebreaker research vessel (RV) Polarstern, an ice-floe camp including an instrumented tethered balloon, and the permanent, ground-based measurement station at Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard) were employed to observe Arctic low and mid-level, mixed-phase clouds, and to investigate related atmospheric and surface processes. The Polar 5 aircraft served as a remote sensing observatory examining the clouds from above by downward-looking sensors; the Polar 6 aircraft operated as a flying in-situ measurement laboratory sampling inside and below the clouds. Most of the collocated Polar 5/6 flights were conducted either above RV Polarstern or over the Ny-Ålesund station, both of which monitored the clouds from below using similar but upward-looking remote sensing techniques as the Polar 5 aircraft. Several of the flights were carried out underneath collocated satellite tracks. The paper motivates the scientific objectives of the ACLOUD/PASCAL observations and describes the measured quantities, retrieved parameters, and the applied complementary instrumentation. Furthermore, it discusses selected measurement results, and poses critical research questions to be answered in future papers analyzing the data from the two field campaigns. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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