Chronic Isolation Stress Affects Subsequent Crowding Stress-Induced Brain Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Isoforms and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Responses
| Autor: | Anna Gądek-Michalska, Andrzej Bugajski, Jan Bugajski, Joanna Tadeusz |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male medicine.medical_specialty Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System Blotting Western Interleukin-1beta Hippocampus nNOS Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Adrenocorticotropic hormone Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I Toxicology Nitric oxide 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Downregulation and upregulation Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Corticosterone Internal medicine medicine Animals Neurochemistry Rats Wistar Prefrontal cortex Isolation and crowding stress General Neuroscience Brain ACTH Rats iNOS 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology Crowding chemistry nervous system Social Isolation Hypothalamus IL-1β Original Article Electrophoresis Polyacrylamide Gel Nitric Oxide Synthase 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Stress Psychological |
| Zdroj: | Neurotoxicity Research |
| ISSN: | 1476-3524 1029-8428 |
| Popis: | The nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the brain is involved in response to psychosocial stressors. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of nNOS and iNOS in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HIP), and hypothalamus (HYPO) during social isolation stress (IS), social crowding stress (CS), and a combined IS + CS. In the PFC, 3 days of CS increased iNOS but not nNOS protein level. In the HIP and HYPO, the levels of nNOS and iNOS significantly increased after 3 days of CS. In the PFC, IS alone (11 days) enhanced iNOS protein level following 3 days of CS and increased nNOS level in the HIP and HYPO after 14 days of CS. By contrast, in the HIP, IS abolished the subsequent CS-induced increase in nNOS in the HIP and strongly elevated iNOS level after 7 days of CS. In the HYPO, prior IS inhibited nNOS protein level induced by subsequent CS for 3 days, but increased nNOS protein level after longer exposure times to CS. Isolation stress strongly upregulated plasma interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels while corticosterone (CORT) level declined. We show that the modulatory action of the NO pathway and ACTH/CORT adaptation to chronic social isolation stress is dependent on the brain structure and nature and duration of the stressor. Our results indicate that isolation is a robust natural stressor in social animals; it enhances the NO pathway in the PFC and abolishes subsequent social CS-induced NOS responses in the HIP and HYPO. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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