Astrocyte function from information processing to cognition and cognitive impairment
| Autor: | Andrea Volterra, Nicolas Toni, Mirko Santello |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | University of Zurich, Volterra, Andrea |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
media_common.quotation_subject 10050 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology 610 Medicine & health Arousal 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cognition Memory medicine Biological neural network Animals Humans Cognitive Dysfunction media_common Neurons Neuronal Plasticity General Neuroscience Addiction Brain 2800 General Neuroscience Sleep deprivation 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Astrocytes Astrocytes/physiology Brain/pathology Brain/physiopathology Cognition/physiology Cognitive Dysfunction/pathology Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology Memory/physiology Neuronal Plasticity/physiology Neurons/pathology Neurons/physiology Synaptic plasticity 570 Life sciences biology Memory consolidation medicine.symptom Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Astrocyte |
| Zdroj: | Nature neuroscience, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 154-166 |
| Popis: | Astrocytes serve important roles that affect recruitment and function of neurons at the local and network levels. Here we review the contributions of astrocyte signaling to synaptic plasticity, neuronal network oscillations, and memory function. The roles played by astrocytes are not fully understood, but astrocytes seem to contribute to memory consolidation and seem to mediate the effects of vigilance and arousal on memory performance. Understanding the role of astrocytes in cognitive processes may also advance our understanding of how these processes go awry in pathological conditions. Indeed, abnormal astrocytic signaling can cause or contribute to synaptic and network imbalances, leading to cognitive impairment. We discuss evidence for this from animal models of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis and from animal studies of sleep deprivation and drug abuse and addiction. Understanding the emerging roles of astrocytes in cognitive function and dysfunction will open up a large array of new therapeutic opportunities. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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