Acanthocytosis and brain damage in area postrema and choroid plexus: Description of novel signs of Loxosceles apachea envenomation in rats

Autor: Guillermo Barraza-Garza, Juan Manuel Muñoz, Edna Rico-Escobar, Ángel Daniel Hernández-Ramos, Luis Fernando Plenge-Tellechea, David Meléndez-Martínez
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Pathology
Erythrocytes
Necrosis
Physiology
medicine.medical_treatment
Lymphocyte
Spider Venoms
Venom
Toxicology
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Vascular Medicine
Rats
Sprague-Dawley
White Blood Cells
Animal Cells
Red Blood Cells
Medicine and Health Sciences
Leukocytes
Toxins
Brain Damage
Lymphocytes
Skin
Multidisciplinary
Chemistry
Area postrema
Spiders
Abetalipoproteinemia
Body Fluids
Blood
medicine.anatomical_structure
Neurology
Medicine
Choroid plexus
Cellular Types
Anatomy
medicine.symptom
Research Article
medicine.medical_specialty
Immune Cells
Science
Toxic Agents
Immunology
Intraperitoneal injection
Hemorrhage
03 medical and health sciences
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnostic Medicine
Arachnida
medicine
Animals
Envenomation
Mexico
Blood Cells
030102 biochemistry & molecular biology
Venoms
Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases
Biology and Life Sciences
Endothelial Cells
Cell Biology
Neutrophilia
Capillaries
Rats
030104 developmental biology
Area Postrema
Brain Injuries
Choroid Plexus
Cardiovascular Anatomy
Blood Vessels
Zdroj: PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 2, p e0211689 (2019)
PLoS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: Loxocelism is a neglected medical problem that depends on its severity, can cause a cutaneous or viscero-cutaneous syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by hemostatic effects and necrosis, and the severity of the loxoscelism depends on the amount of venom injected, the zone of inoculation, and the species. In the Chihuahuan desert, the most abundant species is L. apachea. Its venom and biological effects are understudied, including neurological effects. Thus, our aim is to explore the effect of this regional species of medical interest in the United States-Mexico border community, using rat blood and central nervous system (CNS), particularly, two brain structures involved in brain homeostasis, Area postrema (AP) and Choroid plexus (PC). L. apachea specimens were collected and venom was obtained. Different venom concentrations (0, 0.178 and 0.87 μg/g) were inoculated into Sprague-Dawley rats (intraperitoneal injection). Subsequently, blood was extracted and stained with Wright staining; coronal sections of AP were obtained and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and laminin γ immunolabelling, the same was done with CP sections. Blood, AP and CP were observed under the microscope and abnormalities in erythrocytes and fluctuation in leukocyte types were described and quantified in blood. Capillaries were also quantified in AP and damage was described in CP. L. apachea venom produced a segmented neutrophil increment (neutrophilia), lymphocyte diminishment (leukopenia) and erythrocytes presented membrane abnormalities (acanthocytosis). Extravasated erythrocytes were observed in HE stained sections from both, AP and CP, which suggest that near to this section a hemorrhage is present; through immunohistofluorescence, a diminishment of laminin γ was observed in AP endothelial cells and in CP ependymal cells when these structures were exposed to L. apachea venom. In conclusion, L. apachea venom produced leukopenia, netrophilia and acanthocytosis in rat peripheral blood, and also generated hemorrhages on AP and CP through degradation of laminin γ.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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