Ocean acidification alters fish–jellyfish symbiosis
| Autor: | Robbert C. Geertsma, Kylie A. Pitt, Melchior D. Rutte, Ivan Nagelkerken |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Cnidaria Jellyfish 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Scyphozoa Oceans and Seas Population 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Predation biology.animal Animals Seawater 14. Life underwater education Symbiosis Research Articles 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science education.field_of_study General Immunology and Microbiology biology Ecology Fishes Ocean acidification Pelagic zone General Medicine Juvenile fish Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen-Ion Concentration biology.organism_classification 13. Climate action General Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
| Popis: | Symbiotic relationships are common in nature, and are important for individual fitness and sustaining species populations. Global change is rapidly altering environmental conditions, but, with the exception of coral–microalgae interactions, we know little of how this will affect symbiotic relationships. We here test how the effects of ocean acidification, from rising anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, may alter symbiotic interactions between juvenile fish and their jellyfish hosts. Fishes treated with elevated seawater CO 2 concentrations, as forecast for the end of the century on a business-as-usual greenhouse gas emission scenario, were negatively affected in their behaviour. The total time that fish (yellowtail scad) spent close to their jellyfish host in a choice arena where they could see and smell their host was approximately three times shorter under future compared with ambient CO 2 conditions. Likewise, the mean number of attempts to associate with jellyfish was almost three times lower in CO 2 -treated compared with control fish, while only 63% (high CO 2 ) versus 86% (control) of all individuals tested initiated an association at all. By contrast, none of three fish species tested were attracted solely to jellyfish olfactory cues under present-day CO 2 conditions, suggesting that the altered fish–jellyfish association is not driven by negative effects of ocean acidification on olfaction. Because shelter is not widely available in the open water column and larvae of many (and often commercially important) pelagic species associate with jellyfish for protection against predators, modification of the fish–jellyfish symbiosis might lead to higher mortality and alter species population dynamics, and potentially have flow-on effects for their fisheries. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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