Effects of embryo energy, egg size, and larval food supply on the development of asteroid echinoderms
| Autor: | Emily L. Richardson, Jonathan D. Allen, Stacy N. Trackenberg |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
asteroids
0106 biological sciences life history evolution media_common.quotation_subject Zoology larvae Asterias forbesi Test (biology) 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences lcsh:QH540-549.5 Juvenile Metamorphosis development Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Original Research 030304 developmental biology Nature and Landscape Conservation media_common 0303 health sciences Larva Ecology biology echinoderms Embryo biology.organism_classification Pisaster ochraceus embryonic structures lcsh:Ecology Reproduction maternal investment |
| Zdroj: | Ecology and Evolution Ecology and Evolution, Vol 10, Iss 14, Pp 7839-7850 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2045-7758 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/ece3.6511 |
| Popis: | Organisms have limited resources available to invest in reproduction, causing a trade‐off between the number and size of offspring. One consequence of this trade‐off is the evolution of disparate egg sizes and, by extension, developmental modes. In particular, echinoid echinoderms (sea urchins and sand dollars) have been widely used to experimentally manipulate how changes in egg size affect development. Here, we test the generality of the echinoid results by (a) using laser ablations of blastomeres to experimentally reduce embryo energy in the asteroid echinoderms (sea stars), Pisaster ochraceus and Asterias forbesi and (b) comparing naturally produced, variably sized eggs (1.7‐fold volume difference between large and small eggs) in A. forbesi. In P. ochraceus and A. forbesi, there were no significant differences between juveniles from both experimentally reduced embryos and naturally produced eggs of variable size. However, in both embryo reduction and egg size variation experiments, simultaneous reductions in larval food had a significant and large effect on larval and juvenile development. These results indicate that (a) food levels are more important than embryo energy or egg size in determining larval and juvenile quality in sea stars and (b) the relative importance of embryo energy or egg size to fundamental life history parameters (time to and size at metamorphosis) does not appear to be consistent within echinoderms. In two species of sea stars, exogenous food levels are more important than maternal investment in determining larval and juvenile quality. The relative importance of maternal investment to fundamental life history parameters (time to and size at metamorphosis) does not appear to be consistent within echinoderms. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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