Macrophage-Mediated Degradation of β-Amyloid via an Apolipoprotein E Isoform-Dependent Mechanism
| Autor: | Valentina Gelfanova, Jesse M. Hunter, Kelly R. Bales, Steven M. Paul, Suizhen Lin, Lingzhi Zhao, Feng Liu, John E. Hale, Deanna Koger, Cynthia DeLong |
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| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Apolipoprotein E
Genetically modified mouse Amyloid medicine.medical_treatment Mice Transgenic Biology Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor Mice Apolipoproteins E Alzheimer Disease mental disorders Amyloid precursor protein medicine Animals Humans Protein Isoforms Macrophage Receptor Cells Cultured Amyloid beta-Peptides Macrophages General Neuroscience Growth factor Articles Coculture Techniques Cell biology Mice Inbred C57BL Biochemistry LDL receptor biology.protein lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of Neuroscience. 29:3603-3612 |
| ISSN: | 1529-2401 0270-6474 |
| Popis: | Recent studies suggest that bone marrow-derived macrophages can effectively reduce β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in brain. To further elucidate the mechanisms by which macrophages degrade Aβ, we cultured murine macrophages on top of Aβ plaque-bearing brain sections from transgenic mice expressing PDAPP [human amyloid precursor protein (APP) with the APP717V>Fmutation driven by the platelet-derived growth factor promoter]. Using thisex vivoassay, we found that macrophages from wild-type mice very efficiently degrade both soluble and insoluble Aβ in a time-dependent manner and markedly eliminate thioflavine-S positive amyloid deposits. Because macrophages express and secrete apolipoprotein E (apoE), we compared the efficiency of Aβ degradation by macrophages prepared from apoE-deficient mice or mice expressing human apoE2, apoE3, or apoE4. Macrophages expressing apoE2 were more efficient at degrading Aβ than apoE3-expressing, apoE4-expressing, or apoE-deficient macrophages. Moreover, macrophage-induced degradation of Aβ was effectively blocked by an anti-apoE antibody and receptor-associated protein, an antagonist of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family, suggesting involvement of LDL receptors. Measurement of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity in the media from human apoE-expressing macrophages cocultured with Aβ-containing brain sections revealed greater levels of MMP-9 activity in apoE2-expressing than in either apoE3- or apoE4-expressing macrophages. Differences in MMP-9 activity appear to contribute to the isoform-specific differences in Aβ degradation by macrophages. These apoE isoform-dependent effects of macrophages on Aβ degradation suggest a novel “peripheral” mechanism for Aβ clearance from brain that may also, in part, explain the isoform-dependent effects of apoE in determining the genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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