Sleeping trees and sleep-related behaviours of the siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) in a tropical lowland rainforest, Sumatra, Indonesia
| Autor: | Abdullah Abdullah, Ross A. Hill, Christopher Marsh, Cici Alexander, Amanda H. Korstjens, Nathan J. Harrison, Matthew G. Nowak, Helen D. Slater |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0106 biological sciences Arboreal locomotion media_common.quotation_subject Home range Predation Rainforest Hylobatidae 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Competition (biology) Trees Animals 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology media_common Behavior Animal Primate Ecology 05 social sciences Leuser Ecosystem Gunung Leuser National Park Geography Habitat Indonesia Animal ecology Predatory Behavior Original Article Female Animal Science and Zoology Sleep Scramble competition |
| Zdroj: | Harrison, N, Hill, R A, Alexander, C, Marsh, C, Nowak, M G, Abdullah, A, Slater, H & Korstjens, A H 2021, ' Sleeping trees and sleep‑related behaviours of the siamang ( Symphalangus syndactylus ) in a tropical lowland rainforest, Sumatra, Indonesia ', Primates, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 63-75 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-020-00849-8 Primates; Journal of Primatology |
| ISSN: | 0032-8332 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10329-020-00849-8 |
| Popis: | Sleeping tree selection and related behaviours of a family group and a solitary female siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) were investigated over a 5-month period in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. We performed all day follows, sleeping tree surveys and forest plot enumerations in the field. We tested whether: (1) physical characteristics of sleeping trees and the surrounding trees, together with siamang behaviours, supported selection based on predation risk and access requirements; (2) the preferences of a solitary siamang were similar to those of a family group; and (3) sleeping site locations within home ranges were indicative of home range defence, scramble competition with other groups or other species, or food requirements. Our data showed that (1) sleeping trees were tall, emergent trees with some, albeit low, connectivity to the neighbouring canopy, and that they were surrounded by other tall trees. Siamangs showed early entry into and departure from sleeping trees, and slept at the ends of branches. These results indicate that the siamangs’ choice of sleeping trees and related behaviours were strongly driven by predator avoidance. The observed regular reuse of sleeping sites, however, did not support anti-predation theory. (2) The solitary female displayed selection criteria for sleeping trees that were similar to those of the family group, but she slept more frequently in smaller trees than the latter. (3) Siamangs selected sleeping trees to avoid neighbouring groups, monopolise resources (competition), and to be near their last feeding tree. Our findings indicate selectivity in the siamangs’ use of sleeping trees, with only a few trees in the study site being used for this purpose. Any reduction in the availability of such trees might make otherwise suitable habitat unsuitable for these highly arboreal small apes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10329-020-00849-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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