An outbreak of norovirus-associated acute gastroenteritis associated with contaminated barrelled water in many schools in Zhejiang, China

Autor: Chengliang Chai, Peng Zhang, Haocheng Wu, Xiaofei Fu, Fan He, Minyang Sheng, Jianqiang Song, Enfu Chen, Junfen Lin, Qinbao Lu, Xiaopeng Shang, Yan Feng, Yinwei Qiu
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Male
RNA viruses
lcsh:Medicine
Water supply
Social Sciences
medicine.disease_cause
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Disease Outbreaks
Workflow
Geographical Locations
Sociology
Natural Resources
Epidemiology
Odds Ratio
Medicine and Health Sciences
lcsh:Science
Child
Caliciviridae Infections
Multidisciplinary
Schools
Transmission (medicine)
Bottled water
Gastroenteritis
Professions
Medical Microbiology
Child
Preschool
Population Surveillance
Viral Pathogens
Viruses
Water Resources
Engineering and Technology
Female
Pathogens
Environmental Monitoring
Research Article
Adult
Diarrhea
medicine.medical_specialty
China
Environmental Engineering
Water Management
Asia
Adolescent
030106 microbiology
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Microbiology
Caliciviruses
Education
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnostic Medicine
Environmental health
medicine
Humans
Risk factor
Microbial Pathogens
Biology and life sciences
business.industry
Drinking Water
lcsh:R
Norovirus
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Organisms
Outbreak
Teachers
Odds ratio
Case-Control Studies
People and Places
lcsh:Q
Population Groupings
business
Zdroj: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 2, p e0171307 (2017)
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: OBJECTIVES:More than 900 students and teachers at many schools in Jiaxing city developed acute gastroenteritis in February 2014. An immediate epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify the pathogen, infection sources and route of transmission. METHODS:The probable cases and confirmed cases were defined as students or teachers with diarrhoea or vomiting present since the term began in February 2014. An active search was conducted for undiagnosed cases among students and teachers. Details such as demographic characteristics, gastrointestinal symptoms, and drinking water preference and frequency were collected via a uniform epidemiological questionnaire. A case-control study was implemented, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Rectal swabs from several patients, food handlers and barrelled water factory workers, as well as water and food samples, were collected to test for potential bacteria and viruses. RESULTS:A total of 924 cases fit the definition of the probable case, including 8 cases of laboratory-confirmed norovirus infection at 13 schools in Jiaxing city between February 12 and February 21, 2014. The case-control study demonstrated that barrelled water was a risk factor (OR: 20.15, 95% CI: 2.59-156.76) and that bottled water and boiled barrelled water were protective factors (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13-0.70, and OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.77). A total of 11 rectal samples and 8 barrelled water samples were detected as norovirus-positive, and the genotypes of viral strains were the same (GII). The norovirus that contaminated the barrelled water largely came from the asymptomatic workers. CONCLUSIONS:This acute gastroenteritis outbreak was caused by barrelled water contaminated by norovirus. The outbreak was controlled after stopping the supply of barrelled water. The barrelled water supply in China represents a potential source of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks due to the lack of surveillance and supervision. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this area.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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