The relation of saturated fatty acids with low-grade inflammation and cardiovascular disease

Autor: D.A. Janneke Dijck-Brouwer, Begoña Ruiz-Núñez, Frits A. J. Muskiet
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Endocrinology
Diabetes and Metabolism
Saturated fat
Clinical Biochemistry
Biochemistry
Coronary artery disease
chemistry.chemical_compound
Diet
Fat-Restricted
chemistry.chemical_classification
Nutrition and Dietetics
Evidence-Based Medicine
Fatty Acids
Systemic Vasculitis
Cholesterol
Cardiovascular Diseases
Lipid hypothesis
Diet
Healthy
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Risk
medicine.medical_specialty
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS
Biology
03 medical and health sciences
SERUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL
Insulin resistance
Internal medicine
medicine
Animals
Humans
CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
Healthy Lifestyle
Molecular Biology
DE-NOVO LIPOGENESIS
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS
TRANS-PALMITOLEIC ACID
030109 nutrition & dietetics
CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK-FACTORS
HUNTER-GATHERER DIETS
Triglyceride
medicine.disease
Obesity
Dietary Fats
Immunity
Innate
030104 developmental biology
Endocrinology
Immune system
Metabolism
chemistry
DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE RESTRICTION
Metabolic syndrome
HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN
Dyslipidemia
Zdroj: Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 36:1-20
ISSN: 0955-2863
Popis: The mantra that dietary (saturated) fat must be minimized to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has dominated nutritional guidelines for decades. Parallel to decreasing intakes of fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA), there have been increases in carbohydrate and sugar intakes, overweight, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The "lipid hypothesis" coined the concept that fat, especially SFA, raises blood low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and thereby CVD risk. In view of current controversies regarding their adequate intakes and effects, this review aims to summarize research regarding this heterogenic group of fatty acids and the mechanisms relating them to (chronic) systemic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and notably CVD. The intimate relationship between inflammation and metabolism, including glucose, fat and cholesterol metabolism, revealed that the dyslipidemia in Western societies, notably increased triglycerides, "small dense" low-density lipoprotein and "dysfunctional" high-density lipoprotein, is influenced by many unfavorable lifestyle factors. Dietary SFA is only one of these, not necessarily the most important, in healthy, insulin-sensitive people. The environment provides us not only with many other proinflammatory stimuli than SFA but also with many antiinflammatory counterparts. Resolution of the conflict between our self-designed environment and ancient genome may rather rely on returning to the proinflammatory/antiinflammatory balance of the Paleolithic era in consonance with the 21st century culture. Accordingly, dietary guidelines might reconsider recommendations for SFA replacement and investigate diet in a broader context, together with nondietary lifestyle factors. This should be a clear priority, opposed to the reductionist approach of studying the effects of single nutrients, such as SFA. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: