In-vessel co-composting of horse stable bedding waste and blood meal at different C/N ratios: process evaluation
| Autor: | Jonathan W C Wong, Ammaiyappan Selvam, Patricia C. P. Chung, Alex C. W. Law, Zhenyong Zhao, Shuk Man Yu, Obuli. P. Karthikeyan |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Co composting
Nitrogen chemistry.chemical_element engineering.material Soil Animal science Nutrient Animals Environmental Chemistry Horses Waste Management and Disposal Water Science and Technology Waste management Chemistry Compost Electric Conductivity Temperature Horse General Medicine Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Blood meal Carbon Blood Germination engineering Process evaluation |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Technology. 33:2561-2567 |
| ISSN: | 1479-487X 0959-3330 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/09593330.2012.679697 |
| Popis: | Abattoir blood meal is rich in nitrogen and its potential as a co-composting material for horse stable bedding waste was evaluated at two C/N ratios – 32 (LBM, low blood meal) and 16 (HBM, high blood meal) – to improve the nutrient contents of the final compost. The mix was composted for 7 days in a 10 tonne/day in-vessel composter and cured aerobically. After 56 days of composting, the ammoniacal-N, CO 2 evolution rate and C/N ratio of both LBM and HBM were within the guideline values; however, delayed decomposition and lower seed germination index were observed with HBM. In addition, HBM resulted in 84% loss of the initial ammoniacal-N. Almost similar organic decompositions, 62.4% and 59.6% with LBM and HBM, respectively, were achieved. However, a stable compost product can be obtained within 6–7 weeks with LBM, whereas>8 weeks were required for HBM composting. Therefore, co-composting at the C/N ratio of 32 is recommended to achieve odour-free and faster composting. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|