Contamination by Norovirus and Adenovirus on Environmental Surfaces and in Hands of Conscripts in Two Finnish Garrisons

Autor: Mika Aho, Simo Nikkari, Paula M. Kinnunen, Ari Hörman, Satu Oristo, Ava Sovijärvi, Tuula Hannila-Handelberg, Leena Maunula, Maria Rönnqvist
Přispěvatelé: Departments of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Leena Maunula / Principal Investigator, Food and Environmental Virology Research Group
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
Male
0301 basic medicine
Environmental contamination
Epidemiology
Adenoviridae Infections
OUTBREAK
viruses
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis
medicine.disease_cause
Disease Outbreaks
Feces
fluids and secretions
0302 clinical medicine
INFECTION
Surface swab
Adenovirus
030212 general & internal medicine
Finland
1183 Plant biology
microbiology
virology
Caliciviridae Infections
GASTROENTERITIS
Transmission (medicine)
virus diseases
3. Good health
Military Personnel
NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES
TRANSMISSION
030106 microbiology
ILLNESS
Biology
Virus
Adenoviridae
Microbiology
03 medical and health sciences
Norwalk-like viruses
Virology
medicine
Humans
ASSAYS
REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION-PCR
1172 Environmental sciences
Questionnaire study
Original Paper
Questionnaire
Norovirus
Outbreak
Acute gastroenteritis
Hand
GENOGROUP-II
SHELLFISH
Food Science
Zdroj: Food and Environmental Virology
ISSN: 1867-0342
1867-0334
DOI: 10.1007/s12560-016-9262-4
Popis: This study investigated the presence of norovirus and adenovirus, especially enteric adenovirus, on the environmental surfaces (n = 481) and military conscripts’ hands (n = 109) in two Finnish garrisons (A and B) in 2013 and 2014. A questionnaire study was conducted to reveal possible correlations between viral findings on the conscripts’ hands and their acute gastroenteritis symptoms. In addition to the swab samples, 14 fecal samples were obtained for viral analysis. In total, norovirus was present in 9.0 % of the surface swabs in 2013, whereas enteric adenovirus was present in 0.0 % and non-enteric adenovirus in 9.4 %. In the same year, 2.6 % of the hand swabs contained norovirus, 2.6 % enteric adenovirus, and 40.3 % non-enteric adenovirus. Norovirus GI.6 was continually detected on the surfaces of garrison A, and identical virus was detected in some of the fecal samples. In garrison B, two slightly different norovirus GII.4 strains were present on the surfaces. The questionnaires revealed no recent acute gastroenteritis cases in garrison A, but in garrison B, where the norovirus-positive hand swabs were collected, 30.6 % of the conscripts reported of recent symptoms. In 2014, norovirus was rarely detected, but adenovirus was again frequently present, both on the surfaces and hands. Taken together, our results suggest that gastroenteritis outbreaks occurred in 2013, but not in 2014. Due to the low number of hand swabs positive for enteric viruses, no conclusions about associations between viral findings and gastroenteritis symptoms could be drawn. This study increased our understanding of the possible transmission of viruses via contaminated environment and hands. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12560-016-9262-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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