| Popis: |
The purpose of this paper is to review conceptually and theoretically on the interrelation between impacts of tourism towards environmental attributes of small islands and environmental literacy with willingness to pay. Firstly, the impacts of tourism on environmental attributes such coral reefs, water, fisheries and beaches are discussed briefly. The impacts of tourism towards environmental attributes range derives from tourism activities such as boating, snorkelling, diving and fishing. Improper and irresponsible behaviour of tourist is also believed to be a significant reason that contributes to detrimental effects on the environmental attributes. The different mindset of tourist derives from the different level of environmental literacy that they have. The concept environmental literacy that consists of not only knowledge on the environment and its issues but also includes disposition components of attitudes, sensitivity and motivation are discussed thoroughly. Intention to act or intended behaviour that is explored in this paper would be the concept of willingness to pay for the environmental attributes. The different use and non-values which is basis of the economic valuation of willingness to pay are explained. The two main techniques than can be used to capture use and non-use values of environmental attributes known as revealed and stated preference is also discussed. Choice Experiment is stated preference approach that is able estimate WTP by minimizing the biases presented by other approaches is reviewed. Two main theories are used in the concept of willingness to pay which is the theory of value by Lancaster (1966) and random utility theory by Thurstone (1927). The theory of reasoned action (TRA) is the theory used to explain in overall the relationship between knowledge, attitude and behavioural intentions and used to form a framework that relates environmental literacy and willingness to pay. |
