Restoration of ‘Āina Malo‘o on Hawai‘i Island: Expanding Biocultural Relationships
| Autor: | Dana Shapiro, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Peter M. Vitousek, Jack Rossen, Māhealani Pai, Kehaulani Marshall, Keone Kalawe, Jesse Kahoonei, Kamuela Meheula |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
010506 paleontology
restoration Resource (biology) lcsh:TJ807-830 Geography Planning and Development lcsh:Renewable energy sources Management Monitoring Policy and Law 01 natural sciences Indigenous Politics indigenous agriculture Hawai‘i 0601 history and archaeology Malo lcsh:Environmental sciences 0105 earth and related environmental sciences lcsh:GE1-350 traditional agriculture biocultural geography.geographical_feature_category 060102 archaeology Dry land biology Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants 06 humanities and the arts biology.organism_classification lcsh:TD194-195 Geography Agriculture Archipelago Sustainability Ethnology business |
| Zdroj: | Sustainability Volume 10 Issue 11 Sustainability, Vol 10, Iss 11, p 3985 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/su10113985 |
| Popis: | Before European contact, Native Hawaiian agriculture was highly adapted to place and expressed a myriad of forms. Although the iconic lo&lsquo i systems (flooded irrigated terraces) are often portrayed as traditional Hawaiian agriculture, other forms of agriculture were, in sum, arguably more important. While pockets of traditional agricultural practices have persevered over the 240 years since European arrival, the revival of indigenous methods and crops has substantially increased since the 1970s. While engagement in lo&lsquo i restoration and maintenance has been a core vehicle for communication and education regarding Hawaiian culture, it does not represent the full spectrum of Hawaiian agriculture and, on the younger islands of Hawai&lsquo i and Maui in particular, does not accurately represent participants&rsquo ancestral engagement with &lsquo āina malo&lsquo o (dry land, as opposed to flooded lands). These &ldquo dryland&rdquo forms of agriculture produced more food than lo&lsquo i, especially on the younger islands, were used to produce a broader range of resource crops such as for fiber, timber, and medicine, were more widespread across the islands, and formed the economic base for the powerful Hawai&lsquo i Island chiefs who eventually conquered the archipelago. The recent engagement in the restoration of these forms of agriculture on Hawai&lsquo i Island, compared to the more longstanding efforts to revive lo&lsquo i-based cultivation, is challenging due to highly eroded knowledge systems. However, their restoration highlights the high level of place-based adaptation, demonstrates the scale and political landscape of pre-European Hawai&lsquo i, and provides essential elements in supporting the restoration of Hawaiian culture. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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