Inorganic fouling mitigation by salinity cycling in batch reverse osmosis
| Autor: | Laith A. Maswadeh, John H. Lienhard, Jaichander Swaminathan, Emily W. Tow, Grace B. Connors, David M. Warsinger |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Warsinger, David Elan Martin, Tow, Emily W., Connors, Grace B., Swaminathan, Jaichander, Lienhard, John H. |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Osmosis
Salinity Environmental Engineering Biofouling 02 engineering and technology Calcium Sulfate 7. Clean energy Desalination Calcium Carbonate Water Purification 020401 chemical engineering Seawater 0204 chemical engineering Reverse osmosis Groundwater Waste Management and Disposal Water Science and Technology Civil and Structural Engineering Fouling mitigation Brackish water Fouling Ecological Modeling Water Membranes Artificial Models Theoretical Silicon Dioxide 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Pulp and paper industry Pollution 6. Clean water Environmental science Salts 0210 nano-technology |
| Zdroj: | Prof. Lienhard |
| ISSN: | 0043-1354 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.060 |
| Popis: | Enhanced fouling resistance has been observed in recent variants of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination which use time-varying batch or semi-batch processes, such as closed-circuit RO (CCRO) and pulse flow RO (PFRO). However, the mechanisms of batch processes' fouling resistance are not well-understood, and models have not been developed for prediction of their fouling performance. Here, a framework for predicting reverse osmosis fouling is developed by comparing the fluid residence time in batch and continuous (conventional) reverse osmosis systems to the nucleation induction times for crystallization of sparingly soluble salts. This study considers the inorganic foulants calcium sulfate (gypsum), calcium carbonate (calcite), and silica, and the work predicts maximum recovery ratios for the treatment of typical water sources using batch reverse osmosis (BRO) and continuous reverse osmosis. The prediction method is validated through comparisons to the measured time delay for CaSO 4 membrane scaling in a bench-scale, recirculating reverse osmosis unit. The maximum recovery ratio for each salt solution (CaCO 3 , CaSO 4 ) is individually predicted as a function of inlet salinity, as shown in contour plots. Next, the maximum recovery ratios of batch and conventional RO are compared across several water sources, including seawater, brackish groundwater, and RO brine. Batch RO's shorter residence times, associated with cycling from low to high salinity during each batch, enable significantly higher recovery ratios and higher salinity than in continuous RO for all cases examined. Finally, representative brackish RO brine samples were analyzed to determine the maximum possible recovery with batch RO. Overall, the induction time modeling methodology provided here can be used to allow batch RO to operate at high salinity and high recovery, while controlling scaling. The results show that, in addition to its known energy efficiency improvement, batch RO has superior inorganic fouling resistance relative to conventional RO. Keywords: Reverse osmosis; Batch reverse osmosis; Inorganic fouling; Nucleation; Induction time; High salinity National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant 1122374) |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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