T cells modulate IL-4 expression by eosinophil recruitment within decellularized scaffolds to repair nerve defects
| Autor: | Daniel A. Hunter, Alexandra E. Halevi, Matthew D. Wood, Anja Fuchs, Lauren Schellhardt, Susan E. Mackinnon, Deng Pan, Alison K. Snyder-Warwick |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
musculoskeletal diseases
T-Lymphocytes medicine.medical_treatment 0206 medical engineering Biomedical Engineering 02 engineering and technology Biology Biochemistry Article Biomaterials Mice Immune system immune system diseases medicine Animals Transplantation Homologous skin and connective tissue diseases Molecular Biology Interleukin 4 Decellularization Regeneration (biology) Biomaterial General Medicine Eosinophil 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Acquired immune system 020601 biomedical engineering Nerve Regeneration Cell biology Eosinophils stomatognathic diseases medicine.anatomical_structure Cytokine Interleukin-4 0210 nano-technology Biotechnology |
| Zdroj: | Acta Biomater |
| ISSN: | 1742-7061 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.009 |
| Popis: | Decellularized nerve, or acellular nerve allografts (ANAs), are an increasingly used alternative to nerve autografts to repair nerve gaps to facilitate regeneration. The adaptive immune system, specifically T cells, plays a role in promoting regeneration upon these ANA scaffolds. However, how T cells promote regeneration across ANAs is not clear. Here, we show that T cells accumulate within ANAs repairing nerve gaps resulting in regulation of cytokine expression within the ANA environment. This in turn ultimately leads to robust nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Nerve regeneration across ANAs and functional recovery in Rag1KO mice was limited compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Prior to appreciable nerve regeneration, ANAs from Rag1KO mice contained fewer eosinophils and reduced IL-4 expression compared to ANAs from WT mice. During this period, both T cells and eosinophils regulated IL-4 expression within ANAs. Eosinophils represented the majority of IL-4 expressing cells within ANAs, while T cells regulated IL-4 expression. Finally, an essential role for IL-4 during nerve regeneration across ANAs was confirmed as nerves repaired using ANAs had reduced regeneration in IL-4 KO mice compared to WT mice. Our data demonstrate T cells regulate the expression of IL-4 within the ANA environment via their effects on eosinophils. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The immune system has been emerging as a critical component for tissue regeneration, especially when regeneration is supported upon biomaterials. The role of T cells, and their roles in the regeneration of nerve repaired with biomaterials, is still unclear. We demonstrated that when nerves are repaired with decellularized nerve scaffolds, T cells contribute to regeneration by regulating cytokines. We focused on their regulation of cytokine IL-4. Unexpectedly, T cells do not produce IL-4, but instead regulate IL-4 by recruiting eosinophils, which are major cellular sources of IL-4 within these scaffolds. Thus, our work demonstrated how IL-4 is regulated in a model biomaterial, and has implications for improving the design of biomaterials and understanding immune responses to biomaterials. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect