Coronavirus disease 2019, allergic diseases, and allergen immunotherapy: Possible favorable mechanisms of interaction
Autor: | Ernesto Onuma Takane, María Virginia Blandón-Vijil, Blanca Estela Del Río-Navarro, José Antonio Ortega-Martell, César Fireth Pozo-Beltrán, Jorge A. Luna-Pech, Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, Alan Estrada-Cardona, Elsy M. Navarrete Rodríguez, Eric A. Martínez-Infante, Alfredo Arias-Cruz, Francisco J. Espinosa-Rosales, Noel Rodríguez-Pérez, María Isabel Rojo-Gutiérrez |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Allergen immunotherapy Context (language use) Disease medicine.disease_cause Biomarkers Pharmacological 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Hypersensitivity Immunology and Allergy Medicine Humans skin and connective tissue diseases Coronavirus Innate immune system business.industry SARS-CoV-2 Models Immunological COVID-19 General Medicine medicine.disease Clinical trial Cytokine release syndrome 030104 developmental biology 030228 respiratory system Desensitization Immunologic Immunology business Cytokine Release Syndrome |
Zdroj: | Allergy and asthma proceedings. 42(3) |
ISSN: | 1539-6304 |
Popis: | Background:Both, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) and SARS-COV-2 infection cause a set of immunologic changes that respectively vary during the course of the treatment or the disease.Objective:To review immune changes brought along by each of these entities and how they might interrelate.Methods:We start presenting a brief review of the structure of the new coronavirus and how it alters the functioning of the human immune system. Subsequently, we describe the immune changes induced by AIT and how these changes could be favorable or unfavorable in the allergic patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 at a particular point of time during the evolving infection.Results:We describe how a healthy immune response against SARS-CoV-2 develops, versus an immune response that is initially suppressed by the virus, but ultimately overactivated, leading to an excessive production of cytokines (cytokine-storm-like). These changes are then linked to the clinical manifestations and outcomes of the patient. Reviewing the immune changes secondary to AIT, it becomes clear how AIT is capable of restoring a healthy innate immunity. Investigators have previously shown that the frequency of respiratory infections is reduced in allergic patients treated with AIT. On the other hand it also increases immunoregulation.Conclusion:As there are many variables involved, it is hard to predict how AIT could influence the allergic patient's reaction to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. In any case, AIT is likely to be beneficial for the patient with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as controlling allergic diseases leads to a reduced need for contact with healthcare professionals. The authors remind the reader that everything in this article is still theoretical, since at the moment, there are no published clinical trials on the outcome of COVID-19 in allergic patients under AIT. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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