Association between Early Menopause, Gynecological Cancer, and Tobacco Smoking: A Cross-Sectional Study
| Autor: | Sun Ha Jee, Su Hyun Lee, Yeun Soo Yang, Joyce Mary Kim |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Risk medicine.medical_specialty Cross-sectional study Menopause Premature Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Breast Neoplasms Young Adult Breast cancer Republic of Korea Epidemiology Confidence Intervals Odds Ratio Tobacco Smoking medicine Humans Cervical cancer Smokers Obstetrics business.industry Age Factors Non-Smokers General Medicine Odds ratio Middle Aged Nutrition Surveys medicine.disease Gynecological cancer Confidence interval Menopause Cross-Sectional Studies Socioeconomic Factors Female business |
| Zdroj: | Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 22:3165-3170 |
| ISSN: | 2476-762X |
| DOI: | 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.10.3165 |
| Popis: | Background The rates of smoking among women are rising. Previous studies have shown that smoking is associated with early menopause. However, the association of gynecological cancer, including breast and cervical cancer, with early menopause and smoking, remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between smoking and early menopause, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Survey Examination (KHANES) (2016-2018). Early menopause was defined as menopause before 50 years of age. Results A total of 4,481 participants were included in the analysis. There was no association between early menopause and cervical cancer (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.435, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.730-2.821), but women who had experienced early menopause had a significantly higher risk of breast cancer than women who had experienced normal menopause (aOR: 1.683, 95% CI: 1.089-2.602, p=0.019). Early menopause was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in ever-smoker (aOR: 0.475, 95% CI: 0.039-5.748), but was associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer in never-smokers (aOR: 1.828, 95% CI: 1.171-2.852). Conclusions Early menopause was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in women who had never smoked, but not in women who had ever smoked. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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