Crash Pulse Optimization for Occupant Protection at Various Impact Velocities
| Autor: | Yusuke Yokoi, Daisuke Ito, Koji Mizuno |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Engineering business.industry Deceleration Accidents Traffic Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Poison control Crash Kinematics Manikins Models Biological Automotive engineering Biomechanical Phenomena Pulse (physics) Hybrid III Range (aeronautics) Humans Wounds and Injuries Crashworthiness business Safety Research Motor vehicle crash |
| Zdroj: | Traffic Injury Prevention. 16:260-267 |
| ISSN: | 1538-957X 1538-9588 |
| Popis: | ObjectiveVehicle deceleration has a large influence on occupant kinematic behavior and injury risks in crashes, and the optimization of the vehicle crash pulse which mitigates occupant loadings has been the subject of substantial research. These optimization research efforts focused on only high velocity impact in the regulatory or new car assessment programs though vehicle collisions occur over a wide range of velocities in accidents. In this study, the vehicle crash pulse was optimized for various velocities with the genetic algorithm.MethodThe vehicle deceleration was optimized in a full frontal rigid barrier crash with a simple spring-mass model which represents the vehicle-occupant interaction and a Hybrid III AM50th multi-body model.To examine whether the vehicle crash pulse optimized at the high impact velocity is useful for reducing occupant loading at all impact velocities less than the optimized velocity, the occupant deceleration was calculated at various velocities for the optimized crash pulse determined at a high speed.The optimized vehicle deceleration-deformation characteristics that are effective for various velocities was investigated with two approaches.ResultsThe optimized vehicle crash pulse at a single impact velocity consists of a high initial impulse, followed by zero deceleration, and then constant deceleration in the final stage. The vehicle deceleration optimized with the Hybrid III model was comparable with that determined from the spring-mass model.The optimized vehicle deceleration-deformation characteristics determined at a high speed did not necessarily lead to an occupant deceleration reduction at a lower velocity.The maximum occupant deceleration at each velocity was normalized by the maximum deceleration determined in the single impact velocity optimization. The resulting vehicle deceleration-deformation characteristic was a square crash pulse. The objective function was defined as the number of injuries which was the product of the number of collisions at the velocity and the probability of occupant injury. The optimized vehicle deceleration consisted of a high deceleration in the initial phase, a small deceleration in the middle phase, and then a high deceleration in the final phase.ConclusionThe optimized vehicle crash pulse at a single impact velocity is effective for reducing occupant deceleration in a crash at the specific impact velocity. However, the crash pulse does not necessarily lead to occupant deceleration reduction at a lower velocity. The optimized vehicle deceleration-deformation characteristics, which are effective for all impact velocities, depend on the weighting of the occupant injury measures at each impact velocity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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