Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments
| Autor: | Nadja A Simeth, Jana Volarić, Ben L. Feringa, Wiktor Szymanski |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
010405 organic chemistry
Research areas Computer science Chemical biology Design elements and principles Nanotechnology General Chemistry Dynamic control 010402 general chemistry Smart material 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences Organic molecules Chemistry 13. Climate action Biological property |
| Zdroj: | Chemical Society Reviews |
| ISSN: | 1460-4744 0306-0012 |
| Popis: | Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications. Molecular photoswitches are inherently lipophilic and do not spontaneously dissolve in water. We describe the effect of water on the photochemical properties and strategies to solubilize organic photoswitches and apply them in aqueous media. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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