Inflammatory Microenvironment and Adipogenic Differentiation in Obesity: The Inhibitory Effect of Theobromine in a Model of Human Obesity In Vitro
| Autor: | Giampiero Ravagnan, Enzo Bonmassar, Maria Pia Fuggetta, Cristina Villivà, Manuela Zonfrillo |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty Article Subject Inflammatory Microenvironment and Adipogenic Differentiation Theobromine Obesity Immunology Adipose tissue Adipokine Inflammation Cell Line Proinflammatory cytokine 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Cell Line Tumor Internal medicine Adipocyte Adipocytes lcsh:Pathology medicine Humans Obesity Theobromine Adipogenesis Cell growth Macrophages Cell Cycle Cell Differentiation Cell Biology 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology chemistry 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Cytokines medicine.symptom Research Article lcsh:RB1-214 medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Mediators of inflammation (Online) (2019): 1–10. doi:10.1155/2019/1515621 info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Maria Pia Fuggetta, Manuela Zonfrillo, Cristina Villivà, Enzo Bonmassar, Giampiero Ravagnan/titolo:Inflammatory Microenvironment and Adipogenic Differentiation in Obesity: The Inhibitory Effect of Theobromine in a Model of Human Obesity In Vitro/doi:10.1155%2F2019%2F1515621/rivista:Mediators of inflammation (Online)/anno:2019/pagina_da:1/pagina_a:10/intervallo_pagine:1–10/volume Mediators of Inflammation, Vol 2019 (2019) Mediators of Inflammation |
| ISSN: | 0962-9351 |
| DOI: | 10.1155/2019/1515621 |
| Popis: | Objective. Obesity is considered a clinic condition characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. The role of macrophages and adipocytokines in adipose tissue inflammation is in growing investigation. The physiopathological mechanisms involved in inflammatory state in obesity are not fully understood though the adipocytokines seem to characterize the biochemical link between obesity and inflammation. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of theobromine, a methylxanthine present in the cocoa, on adipogenesis and on proinflammatory cytokines evaluated in a model of fat tissue inflammation in vitro. Methods. In order to mimic in vitro this inflammatory condition, we investigated the interactions between human-like macrophages U937 and human adipocyte cell lines SGBS. The effect of theobromine on in vitro cell growth, cell cycle, adipogenesis, and cytokines release in the supernatants has been evaluated. Results. Theobromine significantly inhibits the differentiation of preadipocytes in mature adipocytes and reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines as MCP-1 and IL-1β in the supernatants obtained by the mature adipocytes and macrophages interaction. Conclusion. Theobromine reduces adipogenesis and proinflammatory cytokines; these data suggest its potential therapeutic effect for treating obesity by control of macrophages infiltration in adipose tissue and inflammation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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