Soil net nitrogen mineralization and leaching under Miscanthus × giganteus and Zea mays

Autor:	Andy VanLoocke, Adina Howe, Mauricio Tejera, Jacob E. Studt, Marshall D. McDaniel, Emily A. Heaton
Jazyk:	angličtina
Rok vydání:	2021
Předmět:	Nutrient cycle Perennial plant TJ807-830 engineering.material Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade nitrogen use efficiency Renewable energy sources Miscanthus giganteus Leaching (agriculture) Waste Management and Disposal Nitrogen cycle biology Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Forestry LAMPS biology.organism_classification fertilizer Zea mays corn Agronomy immobilization engineering biomass crop Environmental science HD9502-9502.5 Fertilizer Water quality Agronomy and Crop Science
Zdroj:	GCB Bioenergy, Vol 13, Iss 9, Pp 1545-1560 (2021)
ISSN:	1757-1693 1757-1707
Popis:	The winter fallow period common in annual cropping systems leaves soils vulnerable to erosion and nutrient loss, especially to nitrogen (N) leaching. This vulnerability can be mitigated with perennial crops that have living roots in the ground year‐round. The mechanisms, magnitude, and consistency with which perennial crops retain N are not clear. We used an experiment to test whether a perennial crop, miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu.), would leach less N than continuous maize (Zea mays L.) and how soil net N mineralization (Nmin) may explain observed leaching under varied environment and management conditions. The experiment included three crossed factors: (1) cropping system (maize, juvenile miscanthus = 1–2 years old, mature miscanthus = 3–4 years old); (2) N fertilization (0 and 224 kg N ha−1); and (3) environment (four site‐years at two locations in Iowa, USA, that differed in climate and soil fertility). We measured N cycling dynamics, including: inorganic soil N (ammonium + nitrate), in situ Nmin, N leaching, crop N uptake, and calculated system N use efficiency. There were many complex interactions among factors. On average, cumulative Nmin under juvenile miscanthus was 111% greater than maize, but as miscanthus matured, there was no difference in Nmin between the perennial crop and maize. There was no difference in N leaching between juvenile miscanthus and maize, but mature miscanthus decreased N leaching by 42% and 88% compared to maize (with and without N fertilization, respectively). Across all treatments, there was no relationship between Nmin and N leaching, suggesting other mechanisms are regulating N leaching. Overall, mature miscanthus shows promise as a tool to reduce N losses in areas dominated by annual row‐crops.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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