Assessing Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Tool for Porcine Cysticercosis
| Autor: | Viterbo Ayvar, Saul J. Santivaňez, Victor Benavides, Robert H. Flecker, Ricardo Gamboa, Seth E. O’Neal, Luz Maria Moyano, Hector H. Garcia, Claudio Muro, Ian W Pray |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Swine Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Serology Diagnostic Radiology 0302 clinical medicine Zoonoses Ultrasound Imaging Taenia solium Medicine and Health Sciences Taeniasis Cyst Taenia solium/physiology Ultrasonography 2. Zero hunger Mammals Swine Diseases Swine Diseases/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/parasitology Obstetrics lcsh:Public aspects of medicine Radiology and Imaging Cysticercosis Agriculture 3. Good health Dissection medicine.drug_formulation_ingredient medicine.anatomical_structure Infectious Diseases Helminth Infections Vertebrates Cysticercosis/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/parasitology/veterinary Anatomy purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06 [https] Research Article Neglected Tropical Diseases medicine.medical_specialty lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Livestock lcsh:RC955-962 Imaging Techniques 030231 tropical medicine Research and Analysis Methods 03 medical and health sciences Tongue Diagnostic Medicine medicine Parasitic Diseases Animals Mouth business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Organisms Biology and Life Sciences lcsh:RA1-1270 Gold standard (test) medicine.disease Tropical Diseases Surgery 030104 developmental biology Ultrasonography/methods/veterinary Amniotes business Digestive System |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 11, Iss 1, p e0005282 (2017) |
| Popis: | Background Taenia solium inflicts substantial neurologic disease and economic losses on rural communities in many developing nations. “Ring-strategy” is a control intervention that targets treatment of humans and pigs among clusters of households (rings) that surround pigs heavily infected with cysticerci. These pigs are typically identified by examining the animal’s tongue for cysts. However, as prevalence decreases in intervened communities, more sensitive methods may be needed to identify these animals and to maintain control pressure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ultrasonography as an alternative method to detect pigs heavily infected with T. solium cysts. Methodology/Principal Findings We purchased 152 pigs representing all seropositive animals villagers were willing to sell from eight communities (pop. 2085) in Piura, Peru, where T. solium is endemic. Tongue and ultrasound examinations of the fore and hind-limbs were performed in these animals, followed by necropsy with fine dissection as gold standard to determine cyst burden. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography with tongue examination for their ability to detect heavy infection (≥ 100 viable cysts) in pigs. Compared to tongue examination, ultrasonography was more sensitive (100% vs. 91%) but less specific (90% vs. 98%), although these differences were not statistically significant. The greater sensitivity of ultrasound resulted in detection of one additional heavily infected pig compared to tongue examination (11/11 vs. 10/11), but resulted in more false positives (14/141 vs. 3/141) due to poor specificity. Conclusions/Significance Ultrasonography was highly sensitive in detecting heavily infected pigs and may identify more rings for screening or treatment compared to tongue examination. However, the high false positive rate using ultrasound would result in substantial unnecessary treatment. If specificity can be improved with greater operator experience, ultrasonography may benefit ring interventions where control efforts have stalled due to inadequate sensitivity of tongue examination. Author Summary Taenia solium is a cestode that infects humans and pigs. The parasite causes up to one-third of epilepsy in Latin America, Asia and Africa and results in economic harm to smallholder farmers who cannot sell the contaminated pork of their infected pigs. “Ring-strategy” is an intervention being evaluated as a potential method to control the spread of infection within communities. This strategy involves identifying heavily infected pigs and targeting treatment resources to humans and pigs living nearby these animals. Tongue examination of pigs is used to provide a simple yet crude technique for identifying the most heavily infected pigs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of ultrasonography to identify T. solium infection in pigs and to compare it to traditional tongue examination methods. We found that ultrasonography may be better at detecting heavily infected pigs than traditional tongue examination methods, but has limitations such as increased cost and a high false positive rate. With improvements in training and greater operator experience, ultrasound may have the potential to contribute to control interventions based on ring-strategy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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