Phototransformation of Amlodipine: Degradation Kinetics and Identification of Its Photoproducts
| Autor: | Piotr Nagórski, Jacek Namieśnik, A. Jakimska, Magdalena Śliwka-Kaszyńska, Agata Kot-Wasik |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Kinetics Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship lcsh:Medicine Wastewater Research and Analysis Methods Photochemistry Mass spectrometry Bioinformatics Risk Assessment Mass Spectrometry Analytical Chemistry Rivers Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry lcsh:Science Photodegradation Chromatography High Pressure Liquid Liquid Chromatography Photolysis Multidisciplinary Chemistry Chromatographic Techniques lcsh:R Photodissociation Chemical Reactions Sorption High Performance Liquid Chromatography Physical Sciences Degradation (geology) lcsh:Q Amlodipine Water Pollutants Chemical Sludge Research Article |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 10, p e109206 (2014) PLoS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0109206 |
| Popis: | Nowadays, monitoring focuses on the primary compounds and does not include degradation products formed during various biological and chemical processes. Transformation products may have the same effects to human health and the environment or sometimes they can be more toxic than the parent compound. Unfortunately, knowledge about the formation of degradation products is still limited, however, can be very important for the environmental risk assessment. Firstly, the photodegradation kinetic of amlodipine was investigated in two experimental conditions: during the exposure to solar radiation and during the exposure to the light emitted by the xenon lamp. In all cases degradation of amlodipine followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. In the next step, identification of transformation products of amlodipine formed during the exposure to xenon lamp irradiation was performed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). As a result sixteen photoproducts were identified, their structures were elucidated and ultimately the transformation pathway was proposed. Fifteen compounds (out of 16 photoproducts) were newly identified and reported here for the first time; some of those compounds were formed from the first photoproduct, amlodipine pyridine derivative. Several analytes were formed only in acidic or basic conditions. Furthermore, the occurrence of amlodipine and its identified degradation products was investigated in environmental waters. Only one out of 16 compounds was found in wastewater effluent. The possibility of the sorption of examined analytes to sewage sludge particles was discussed based on QSAR. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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