Milk vitamin D in relation to the 'adequate intake' for 0-6-month-old infants
| Autor: | Geok Lin Khor, Ido P. Kema, Frits A. J. Muskiet, Eline Stoutjesdijk, Nguyen V. Nhien, Anne Schaafsma, Bruce W. Hollis, D.A. Janneke Dijck-Brouwer |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), Lifestyle Medicine (LM) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Vitamin D-binding protein GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY Medicine (miscellaneous) Tanzania Nutrition Policy 0302 clinical medicine Lactation MEDIUM-CHAIN Food science Vitamin D Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Netherlands Nutrition and Dietetics food and beverages Curacao Vitamins Breast Feeding medicine.anatomical_structure ADIPOSE-TISSUE Vietnam Dietary Reference Intake Sunlight Adequate intake Female FATTY-ACIDS Rickets Adult D SUPPLEMENTATION Breast milk SPLIT INJECTION RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Biology Fish oil vitamin D deficiency Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences D DEFICIENCY Animal science 030225 pediatrics medicine Vitamin D and neurology Humans Milk Human Infant Newborn Malaysia Nutritional Requirements Infant MASS-SPECTROMETRY Vitamin D Deficiency medicine.disease Diet BREAST-FED INFANTS Antirachitic activity Breast feeding |
| Zdroj: | British Journal of Nutrition, 118(10), 804-812. Cambridge University Press |
| ISSN: | 0007-1145 |
| Popis: | Breast-fed infants are susceptible to vitamin D deficiency rickets. The current vitamin D ‘adequate intake’ (AI) for 0–6-month-old infants is 10 µg/d, corresponding with a human milk antirachitic activity (ARA) of 513 IU/l. We were particularly interested to see whether milk ARA of mothers with lifetime abundant sunlight exposure reaches the AI. We measured milk ARA of lactating mothers with different cultural backgrounds, living at different latitudes. Mature milk was derived from 181 lactating women in the Netherlands, Curaçao, Vietnam, Malaysia and Tanzania. Milk ARA and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were analysed by liquid-chromatography-MS/MS; milk fatty acids were analysed by GC-flame ionisation detector (FID). None of the mothers reached the milk vitamin D AI. Milk ARA (n; median; range) were as follows: Netherlands (n 9; 46 IU/l; 3–51), Curaçao (n 10; 31 IU/l; 5–113), Vietnam: Halong Bay (n 20; 58 IU/l; 23–110), Phu Tho (n 22; 28 IU/l; 1–62), Tien Giang (n 20; 63 IU/l; 26–247), Ho-Chi-Minh-City (n 18; 49 IU/l; 24–116), Hanoi (n 21; 37 IU/l; 11–118), Malaysia–Kuala Lumpur (n 20; 14 IU/l; 1–46) and Tanzania-Ukerewe (n 21; 77 IU/l; 12–232) and Maasai (n 20; 88 IU/l; 43–189). We collected blood samples of these lactating women in Curaçao, Vietnam and from Tanzania–Ukerewe, and found that 33·3 % had plasma 25(OH)D levels between 80 and 249·9 nmol/l, 47·3 % between 50 and 79·9 nmol/l and 19·4 % between 25 and 49·9 nmol/l. Milk ARA correlated positively with maternal plasma 25(OH)D (range 27–132 nmol/l, r 0·40) and milk EPA+DHA (0·1–3·1 g%, r 0·20), and negatively with latitude (2°S-53°N, r −0·21). Milk ARA of mothers with lifetime abundant sunlight exposure is not even close to the vitamin D AI for 0–6-month-old infants. Our data may point at the importance of adequate fetal vitamin D stores. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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