A porous thienyl cyclodextrin polymer synthesized in a homogeneous ionic liquid catalytic system for the rapid removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)
| Autor: | Pingping Yang, Xuejiao Hu, Aimin Li, Xianchuan Xie, Guizhou Xu, Huimin Wang, Yizhou Tu |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
Trimethyl orthoformate Cyclodextrin Pollution Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products Catalysis carbohydrates (lipids) Solvent chemistry.chemical_compound Adsorption chemistry Ionic liquid medicine Environmental Chemistry Organic chemistry lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) Activated carbon medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Green Chemistry. 24:227-237 |
| ISSN: | 1463-9270 1463-9262 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/d1gc03141d |
| Popis: | Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are widely distributed in aquatic environments due to their large consumption and low biodegradability, causing ecological risks. In this study, porous thienyl cyclodextrin polymer (Th-CDP) with a specific surface area of 730 m2 g–1 was synthesized in an ionic liquid system for the first time to remove PPCPs. The green and recyclable 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/ferric chloride ([EMIm]Cl/FeCl3) ionic liquid were synthesized as a solvent and catalyst, superior to traditional toxic organic solvents and heterogeneous catalysts. In Th-CDP synthesis, thienyl cyclodextrin (ThCD) was synthesized, followed by polymerizing with three-dimensional cross-linking agent trimethyl orthoformate (Tmof) in [EMIm]Cl/FeCl3 via the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. Th-CDP performs excellent adsorption towards the studied PPCPs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, and sulfamethoxazole) due to rich pore structure. In particular, Th-CDP achieved 90% removal for hydrophobic diclofenac and ibuprofen in 5 min, and the rate constants were 16.7 and 10.5 times higher than those of activated carbon, respectively. The adsorption capacity of Th-CDP is related to the molecular weight and pKa of the compound, which is about twice that of activated carbon. Th-CDP has more pronounced adsorption advantages over activated carbon for acidic compounds due to positive charge under neutral. In addition, the multiple mechanisms, including hydrophobic interaction caused by thiophene and cyclodextrin, electrostatic and heteroatom interaction (24.8% S content), enable Th-CDP to highly remove PPCPs. Moreover, Th-CDP is of great application potential due to its excellent regenerability, anti-interference ability, and green synthesis process. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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