| Popis: |
When children are abused by their parents or caretakers, there is often a pattern of both emotional and physical abuse, that often persists over many years. Sexual abuse may be part of the experiences of these abused children, as well as exposure to IPV in their parents. The abuse can last over a period of years. Since multiple forms of abuse are so typical, it is generally impossible, empirically, to clearly separate the effects of different types of child abuse within the family. To further complicate the research on child abuse, especially child sex abuse, many studies do not identify the relationship of the perpetrator to the maltreated child. So, abuse by parents cannot not be readily separated from abuse by acquaintances or even strangers, even though parental abuse appears to be more traumatic than sexual contact from others. Given these limitations, it is clear that there are many effects on the child victimized by child maltreatment. Effects can be seen in maltreated children as well as in these individuals as adults. Effects of exposure to parental IPV have been associated with the children learning how one interacts with an intimate partner as well as with other symptoms of trauma exposure such as PTSD. These effects may vary depending on the age of the exposed child. In spite of these many reported effects, there is evidence that some maltreated children are able to function normally as teens or adults. Social support appears to be a major predictor of this resilience, along with other factors generally associated with good coping skills. |
