The effects of floral understoreys on parasitism of leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on apples in New Zealand
Autor: | C. M. Frampton, S. L. Scarratt, Jason M. Tylianakis, R. B. Chapman, Steve D. Wratten, Nicola A. Irvin |
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Rok vydání: | 2006 |
Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Tortricidae biology Forestry 15. Life on land biology.organism_classification 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Phacelia tanacetifolia Lepidoptera genitalia 010602 entomology Horticulture Insect Science Phacelia Botany Alyssum PEST analysis Lobularia maritima Agronomy and Crop Science Braconidae |
Zdroj: | Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 8:25-34 |
ISSN: | 1461-9563 1461-9555 |
Popis: | Field and laboratory experiments on the conservation biocontrol of lepidop- teran leafroller pests were carried out in apples at Lincoln, New Zealand. 2 Apple understoreys were planted with replicated treatments of alyssum (Lobularia maritima), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). 3 Rates of parasitism of experimentally released larvae of the light-brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were signifi- cantly lower in phacelia and control treatments, and leafroller pupae were significantly more abundant in controls than in buckwheat and alyssum treatments. 4 Naturally occurring leafroller damage was up to 29% lower above all the floral understorey treatments compared with controls and there were more than twice as many D. tasmanica cocoons in the alyssum and buckwheat treatments than in controls. 5 Suction sampling of the understoreys gave D. tasmanica adult densities that were significantly more abundant in alyssum compared with other treatments. Numbers of Anacharis zealandica (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) (a parasitoid of larvae of the predatory brown lacewing) did not differ between treatments. 6 In the laboratory, flowering buckwheat and alyssum enhanced D. tasmanica longevity by up to 78% compared with the control, and buckwheat also enhanced potential fecundity by 62%. 7 In choice experiments, leafroller larvae in the laboratory consumed more than three-fold more apple leaf material than they did of the three understorey species, although alyssum increased leafroller fecundity and longevity. 8 The use of floral understoreys for conservation biocontrol of apple pests is discussed, along with the potential negative effects of some flowering species on pest populations and orchard agronomic practices. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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