| Autor: |
Samantha K. Atkins, Farwah Iqbal, Elena Aikawa, Johana Barrientos, Cecilia M. Giachelli |
| Rok vydání: |
2020 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Contemporary Cardiology ISBN: 9783030467241 |
| DOI: |
10.1007/978-3-030-46725-8_18 |
| Popis: |
Osteoclasts are a specific subset of immune-derived, bone-resorbing cells. Because osteoclasts are the only cells that can resorb calcification, they act as crucial regulators of bone remodeling. Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that fuse to the bone surface and solubilize both the organic and inorganic phases of bone through the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the secretion of hydrogen ions to create an acidic environment. While most information about osteoclasts comes from studying bone, the potential to regress ectopic calcification may be unraveled by activation of osteoclasts in the vasculature or cardiac valves, hence the need to characterize osteoclast biology outside of the bone niche. This chapter will focus in details on the signals that drive and inhibit osteoclastogenesis at the gene and protein levels. It will also discuss the bone-vascular axis in the context of atherosclerosis and calcific aortic valve disease, known as the “calcification paradox.” The mechanisms governing osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption within the bone niche may provide contextual clues of how to harness their natural potential to regress calcification in the areas such as the blood vessels and heart valves. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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