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Strains of the genus Bacillus are Gram-positive microorganisms. Many of them, such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Brevibacillus brevis, and Bacillus clausii offer several advantages in industrial applications. They all have a very efficient protein secretion system, grow on several different and cheap carbon sources, lack endotoxins, and are nonpathogenic. Proteins produced from and with the bacilli are of great industrial importance. Next to B. subtilis, B. megaterium has attracted the most attention in recent years. A toolbox for recombinant protein production, secretion, and purification has been developed that is based on various vectors with different origins of replication, selection markers, promoters, affinity tag sequences, and sequences for a signal peptide. The number of proteins recombinantly produced by B. megaterium has increased rapidly. The genomes of two B. megaterium strains namely QM B1551, which naturally contains seven different plasmids but also has a plasmidless derivative, and DSM319, a naturally plasmidless strain, have now been completely sequenced. Systems biotechnology investigations using transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analyses in combination with bioinformatics-based modeling approaches have already started. Keywords: bacilli; genome sequence; Bacillus megaterium; industrial biotechnology; toolbox; systems biotechnology; recombinant protein production |
