Innovative production of highly porous carbon for industrial effluent remediation via microwave vacuum pyrolysis plus sodium-potassium hydroxide mixture activation
| Autor: | Wei-Haur Lam, Wai Lun Nam, Su Shiung Lam, Rock Keey Liew, Carmil Chai, Xue Yee Phang, Min Yee Chong, Nyuk Ling Ma, Man Huan Su, Peter Nai Yuh Yek |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Potassium hydroxide
Materials science Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment 020209 energy Strategy and Management 05 social sciences 02 engineering and technology Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering chemistry.chemical_compound Adsorption Chemical engineering chemistry Palm kernel Biochar 050501 criminology 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering medicine Hydroxide Pyrolysis 0505 law General Environmental Science Activated carbon medicine.drug BET theory |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Cleaner Production. 208:1436-1445 |
| ISSN: | 0959-6526 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.214 |
| Popis: | This study reports a novel method using microwave vacuum pyrolysis combined with sodium-potassium hydroxide mixture (NaOH-KOH) activation to produce highly porous activated carbon (AC) from palm residue (i.e. palm kernel shell, PKS) – a solid residue constantly produced in large volume by palm industry. The yield and properties of AC produced were found significantly influenced by two key process parameters - type of activating agent and chemical impregnation ratio. The pyrolysis provided fast heating rate (60 °C/min), high temperature (607 °C), and short process time (35 min) to convert PKS into biochar, and the subsequent activation by NaOH-KOH mixture at 1.0 of chemical impregnation ratio resulted in 84 wt% yield of AC. The AC possessed high BET surface area (1320 m2/g) and highly porous structure formed by micro- and meso-pores, thus showing high adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of AC was examined via impregnation with nickel and aluminium atoms (termed “Ni/AC” and “Al/AC”) followed by application in treating industrial effluent abundantly released from palm oil mill (termed ‘palm oil mill effluent, POME). Both Ni/AC and Al/AC showed high removal efficiency in reducing the total suspended solid (TSS), oil and grease (O&G), biochemical (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in POME. Higher removal efficiency on BOD and COD was observed for Ni/AC and Al/AC than normal AC (non-metallic AC). The production cost of AC using this pyrolysis method was estimated to be ranged from 4 to 10 USD/kg. The results show the exceptional promise of this pyrolysis method as an approach to transform PKS into highly porous AC for utilize as an adsorbent to treat POME. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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