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Spanish Abstract: La politica energetica alemana ha sido, sin duda, un referente a nivel mundial enlo relativo a energias renovables. Con la implementacion de la Ley de energias renovables (Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz) en 2000, el 36% del consumo bruto de electricidad en 2018 provino de fuentes renovables. Ademas, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero cayeron en 328 millones de toneladas entre 1990 y 2016, al pasar de 1264 a 936 mill ton de CO2. No obstante, esto tambien ha incrementado el costo de las restricciones, en 2017, alcanzo un nuevo record de 1400 millones de euros y el precio al consumidor final se incremento sustancialmente, siendo uno de los mas altos de la Union Europea, pero ya han venido reduciendose, conforme ha reducido el costo de las nuevas tecnologias. Aun asi, el consenso de la sociedad, es que vale la pena pagar esos sobrecostos. Por tanto, es importante conocer el programa de transicion energetica que ha vivido Alemania y sus efectos, el cual es el objetivo de este paper. English Abstract: Despite the fact that the installed capacity in nuclear energy in the French electricity market still represents the highest percentage, 47% in 2017, non-conventional renewable energies resources, wind and solar, already represent 17% of the total installed capacity; however, in terms of generation, 70% remains nuclear. Furthermore, this market is one of the few in the European Union that has implemented a reliability mechanism and where the tariff for the provision of electricity service promotes a demand response program based on critical peak prices, in order to guarantee the reliability of supply. It is therefore important to know the energy transformation program launched in 2015 in France in order to promote green growth, reduce greenhouse emissions and strengthen energy independence; moreover, what has been done to implement smart grids in this market, which is the aim of this paper. |
