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A scanning electron microscope investigation of the structure of the reduced Pb/PbSO4 electrode revealed that lignin prevented the extensive growth of dendritic lead single crystals that occurred in its absence. It was further shown that the smooth surfaced, large diameter dendritic branches, present in additive-free electrodes were replaced by smaller, more uniform, rough surfaced and porous particles in the presence of lignin. No significant changes occurred in the lead structure when BaSO4 alone was added. Lignin and BaSO4, used together, produced a lead structure with greater surface area and porosity than did lignin alone. |
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