PULMONARY INFECTIONS DUE TO MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS & NON-TUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIA IN HIV SEROPOSITIVE PATEINTS

Autor:	Dinesh Kumar Agrawal, Umesh Hassani
Rok vydání:	2013
Předmět:	Tuberculosis biology business.industry Opportunistic infection Bacterial pneumonia Disease bacterial infections and mycoses medicine.disease biology.organism_classification Virology Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pneumonia Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Pandemic Immunology medicine business
Zdroj:	Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental sciences. 2:4481-4486
ISSN:	2278-4802 2278-4748
Popis:	Respiratory infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV infection. It is clear that with the progression of HIV infection, the function of pulmonary immunocompetent cells declines. There is severe reduction in concentration of pulmonary CD4 cells and impaired cytolytic activity 1 . About 70% of HIV/AIDS patients with infection experience a pulmonary opportunistic infection in life time. Three most important and common pulmonary manifestations of HIV are bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. These comprise more than 90% of opportunistic infections worldwide2. The pandemic of AIDS and the evidence of an association with tuberculosis is now of serious concern. The life time risk of developing tuberculosis for people not infected with HIV is 5 - 10% and this rises to 50% if they are co-infected with HIV. Tubercular pulmonary involvement occurs in 74 to 100% of patients with HIV infection 3 . AIDS pandemic has reversed many of the hard won gains in the tuberculosis control in developed as well as developing countries like India 4. Nontuberculous mycobacterial species (NTM) are common environmental organisms and occasional colonizers of the human respiratory system. The immunosuppressed individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have become the most significant risk factor for disseminated NTM disease and of these, 95% are due to Mycobacterium avium complex. In developed countries, as the incidence of tuberculosis decreased, the occurrence of NTM in pulmonary diseases increased 5. In India infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is reported to be low as M. tuberculosis is more prevalent and endemic. The infection with NTM is either overlooked by clinicians or in some places facilities are not available for the isolation of NTM. 6
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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