| Popis: |
It is assumed that the reason for the acceleration and amplification of the vibration and noise of ordinary tram tracks in recent years and decades is their high wear due to the lack of funds for their maintenance. However, the research of the authors of the article showed that the main reason for the gatherings and accidents is the excess negative charge of the Earth. The aim of the study is to reveal the mechanism of the protective properties of materials, in particular polyurethane and the liquid-glass composition (LGC), and their application to protect the tram tracks in conditions of high excess negative charge of the Earth. For this purpose, analytical and full-scale research methods are used, based on the principles and laws of Macrocolloid chemistry and Physico-chemical mechanics. For the construction of new tram tracks in big cities, huge reinforced concrete slab or monolithic bases combined with road ways are used. This led to an even greater accumulation of excess negative charge of the Earth under the combined tracks and houses, to the emergence of previously virtually absent ground dips under the tracks, to an increase in accidents with serious consequences. Polyurethanes recommended for use have not only higher vibration-damping properties, but also are protective against excessive negative charges of the Earth. The liquid-glass composition (LGC) has the same properties. These protective functions are due to active -С=О groups in polyurethane and -S=О groups in a liquid-glass composition. They have a double bond and high electronegativity, as well as very large dipole moments. Methods have been developed to protect materials and structures of the tram tracks and nearby houses from the excessive negative charge of the Earth with the help of protective screens and walls, as well as high-performance fastening SRS-T. |
