| Autor: |
Rafael Kandiyoti, Keith Bartle, Alan A. Herod, Trevor Morgan |
| Rok vydání: |
2017 |
| Předmět: |
|
| DOI: |
10.1016/b978-0-08-100784-6.00006-0 |
| Popis: |
Data from the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy of pyrolyzing coals is presented and discussed. These data proved useful in distinguishing between the onset of covalent bond cleavage and the beginning of extensive depolymerisation reactions, showing that several bonds must break before large molecular fragments can detach from the coal matrix. Several basic questions have been addressed regarding the initial stages of thermal breakdown, the similarities between initial reaction pathways in pyrolysis, and liquefaction and when the reaction pathways begin to diverge. The work provided clues about the reasons why changes in heating rates can affect pyrolysis-product distributions and explored the interplay between eventual product distributions and the way retrogressive reactions work. Some of the questions thrown up by research on modern coke-making were addressed. The discussion provides new avenues for examining the role of the heating rate and of retrogressive reactions during the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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