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Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by neurological dysfunction, with changes in behavior and delays or deviations in neurodevelopment, including deficits in interaction and social communication and presenting repetitive and restricted behavior patterns in its patients1,2. And although the manifestation of ASD signs can be seen even in the first three years of a child's life, in practice the diagnosis sometimes takes time to compromise the prognosis. The sooner the identification of the disorder occurs, the better the interference in the quality of the response to treatment, the more effective and with more positive returns in relation to the learning of cognitive, linguistic, social, adaptive and behavioral skills2,3. Taking into account the important growth of TEA in recent years, it is essential to implement assistance policies aimed at this specific audience, so that they are assisted as early as possible and in a coherent manner based on the needs presented2. This increase is possible to verify in studies carried out in the United States of America with eight-year-old children, where in 2012 there was an incidence rate of one child for every 68, raising this number in 2014 to one child for every 591,4. In view of this reality of constant growth of the public with ASD and the lack of preparation of the system, many impasses for the sustainability of the fundamental assumptions of the Unified Health System (SUS) must be obtained, which come into conflict when existing barriers are found in the daily practice that prevent citizens from achieving what is provided for in the legislation, requiring changes in the conduct of daily practices, transforming the service and the environment into a welcoming space with equity and resolution purposes5,6. Failure to recognize these and other challenges within health services with the increasing change in the TEA paradigm is linked to future public problems, including financial problems, since it will be much more costly for the State to take measures late, when the individual's weakness lacking more expensive technologies and costly treatments for not having taken previous measures to guarantee the child's full development for their adult life7. Furthermore, caregivers, when unassisted, can embark on severe stress conditions, which can cause other associated pathologies, which go beyond the costs of just monitoring and strengthening bonds to provide treatment for preventable diseases and their possible complications8. Since the family nucleus is the first social environment that promotes support for relationships with the outside world, these family members, who live daily with the child, need a sensitive look, since the anxieties and fears felt by them tend to stop this relationship and can directly affect the treatment of the disorder. This is due to the fact that sometimes they tend to focus on the rehabilitation of the child, leaving aside their own physical or mental conditions to exercise care, increasing their levels of stress and burden, destabilizing family relationships, which ends up harming the way the treatment and care process will be conducted9,10. Why it is important to do this review: In view of the problems highlighted, the need to identify the families' difficulties in handling care for children with ASD is highlighted, thus enabling (re) thinking of actions and strategies for the provision of therapies, reception and preparation of family members / caregivers. Our goal is to analyze the challenges of family care for children with autism spectrum disorder, mapped by a scope review in the health area. Based on these data, health professionals will be consulted on ways to face these challenges. Research question: What are the challenges of family care for children with autism spectrum disorder, according to scientific publications in the health field? Objective: To analyze the challenges of family care for children with autism spectrum disorder, mapped by a scope review in the health area. |
