Critical rare earths: The future of Nd & Dy and prospects of end-of-life product recycling
| Autor: | C. Sarafidis, G. Sempros, A. Filippas |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
010302 applied physics
Wind power business.industry Product Recycling Context (language use) 02 engineering and technology Raw material Environmental economics 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences Work (electrical) 0103 physical sciences Environmental science Production (economics) Digital economy 0210 nano-technology business Efficient energy use |
| Zdroj: | Materials Today: Proceedings. 37:4058-4063 |
| ISSN: | 2214-7853 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.210 |
| Popis: | Permanent magnets (PM) are critical constituents of many technological applications, especially in the context of modern environmental policies to improve energy efficiency and develop digital economy. Modern PMs rely heavily on rare earth elements (REE), raw materials of geopolitical and strategic importance which are used in a wide range of products. In this work, we present a study of the current state of availability of REE and its future trends. For the period 2017–2030, our analysis suggests that with the existing PM technology, gradual replacement of conventional passenger cars’ production by hybrid (HV), plug-in hybrid (PHV) or electric (EV) along with electric bikes, wind turbines and robotics will require a total increase of 191% in Nd and 168% in Dy supplies, respectively. These quantities may not be economically feasible to be available. A future prospect of recycling from end-of-life (EOL) products should be considered. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect