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Basalt fibre is a type of continuous fibre prepared from natural volcanic rock and ore after melting at high temperature. The raw material for basalt fibre (andesitic basalt, andesite basalt, diabase and other volcanic rock) belongs to the family of inorganic nonmetallic silicates and is characterized by high Fe2O3 or FeO content. The high Fe2O3/FeO content in turn leads to a high melt blackness coefficient, poor diathermancy, and the need for high crystallization temperature and high crystallization speed in the wire-drawing process; hence, the melting and drawing processes have specific characteristics. Basalt fibre is produced without toxic and harmful gas emissions and with little solid waste, and waste silk can be resmelted and wire-drawn via a clean process. Therefore, basalt fibre is typically a high-performance eco-friendly material. Basalt fibre shows excellent performance because of its high strength, high elastic modulus, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and good insulation properties. Basalt fibre can be converted into chopped yarn, roving, twist yarn, fibre cloth, fibre felt and other products. These products serve as reinforcement materials in the production of high-performance composite plates and composite grids. Such composites find application in the aerospace, automotive and shipping industries, as well as in civil engineering and transportation structure, energy and environment, chemical fire protection and national defense fields. The basalt fibre industry is a new material industry and a new resource industry. The development of this industry is conducive to the comprehensive development of basalt and other volcanic mineral resources, use of high value-added products and protection of the environmental using green materials, which in turn are imperative for sustainable development in a circular economy. |
