| Popis: |
Cities have been compared to social reactors constrained by the communication and coordination possibilities offered by an urban environment that has only grown since the advent of the industrial age. We attempt to provide a first description of human interactions in the urban environment using Call Detailed Records (CDR) of the major mobile phone communication network operator in Chile. We build communication networks for 145 Chilean cities to describe and characterize the communication behavior of urban dwellers. We center our analysis in observed indicators of social activity, such as the number of contacts, number of calls and total communication time in each city and evaluate their scaling relationship with the number of mobile phones assigned to each city as an approximation of city size. Interestingly, the values of scaling exponents closely match recent explanations proposed in the literature. The topologies of voice-call networks among cities of increasing sizes are slightly assortative, albeit assortativeness decreases with size. Additionally, they show small average path length relative to their sizes, a typical feature of small-world networks. However, they decrease instead of growing when size is taken into account, unlike other complex networks. Different transitivity indices show mixed results. Average Watts-Strogatz clustering coefficient increases in larger cities much more than expected by pure chance as it has been shown in other social networks. On the other hand, the fact that classic transitivity index decreases seem to exhibit a regime change with a decreasing relation with size and an unexpected growth in larger cities. Both transitivity indices, as a whole, could describe among those who are making new interactions as the city grows. All these results indicate that while tightly knit human communities seem to lose cohesion as they grow, such community properties may progressively disappear among the three to four largest urban centers in Chile where the coordination of complex functions requires each city dweller to reach out to a larger network of people and speak for longer periods of time as compared to smaller cities. Finally, although these results are valid for all networks, there is a division into two regimes when networks reach a critical size of ~10,000 nodes, which raises the possibility of an empirical definition of city for Chile. |
