| Popis: |
The bunker is one of the most important typological inventions of the 20th century. The difference in Germany between Hochbunker and Tiefbunker has to do not only with the type (external or underground bunkers) but also with the location in space. It is no coincidence that most Tiefbunker are located outside cities, often camouflaged in the landscape, while Hochbunker are characteristic elements of urban structure. The urban Luftschutzbunker are certainly among the most interesting buildings from an architectural point of view, and among them the Flackt��rme, built between 1940 and 1943 in the three main "F��hrer's cities" (Berlin, Hamburg and Vienna), offer the most food for thought: they were designed and built thanks to the work of the German architect Friedrich Tamms at the direct wish of Hitler. In addition to their form, which on one hand is based on Renaissance fortresses and on the other is derived from Gilly and Schinkel, their urban function is important, as observation points but also as dominant elements within the urban landscape. Their symbolic value in cities as impregnable fortresses and places of protection and defense during the war changed in the post-war period and bunkers became bulky presences and symbols to be erased, entering fully into the debate on the reconstruction of cities. Today, these reinforced concrete architectures have once again become sought-after ���containers��� and cultural incubators in German and European cities. The theme of reusing urban bunkers has seen many projects and realizations in the last 30 years. We have gone from the temporary use and appropriation of these spaces by the artistic avant-garde, to the transformation of these places into actual museums and places of culture. |
