Evaluation of the Phytotoxicity of Urochloa humidicola Roots by Bioassays and Microscopic Analysis. Characterization of New Compounds
| Autor: | Rosa M. Varela, Francisco A. Macías, Ascensión Torres, Maura Da Cunha, Rodrigo B.B. Feitoza, José M. G. Molinillo, Helena Regina Pinto Lima, Luiz Fernando Duarte de Moraes |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
biology 010401 analytical chemistry food and beverages Colubrina Context (language use) General Chemistry biology.organism_classification 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences Coleoptile Botany Bioassay Urochloa Phytotoxicity General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Anadenanthera colubrina Weed 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 68:4851-4864 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5118 0021-8561 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00307 |
| Popis: | Herbicides are a key element in agriculture but they do cause environmental problems and natural alternatives are being sought. In this context, invasive plants could provide an as yet unexplored source for the development of future herbicides. Urochloa humidicola has great invasive potential in Brazilian environments as it hampers the establishment of other plants. The phytotoxicity of U. humidicola root extracts has been evaluated, and the major components have been identified. The phytotoxicity of the extract was assessed in the wheat coleoptile assay on seeds of troublesome weeds and on Anadenanthera colubrina, a tree species used in ecological restoration programs. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity, and the most affected weeds were E. crus-galli, M. maximus, and A. viridis with the latter weed more affected by the extract than by the herbicide Logran. Microscopic ultrastructural analysis of A. colubrina roots indicated possible signals of cell death. Seven compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate extract of which one diterpene and four saponins are new. Six of these compounds were tested in the wheat coleoptile bioassay. The most active were diterpene 1 and saponins 2, 3, and 6. The phytotoxic activity of U. humidicola explains the issues observed in ecological restoration with A. colubrina in the presence of Urochloa species, and its effect on weeds reinforces its potential use in agriculture. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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