Responses of South African Agate and Chalcedony When Heated Experimentally, and the Broader Implications for Heated Archaeological Minerals
| Autor: | Lyn Wadley, Linda C. Prinsloo, Paloma de la Peña |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
010506 paleontology
Archeology 060102 archaeology Chalcedony Agate (typography) chemistry.chemical_element Mineralogy 06 humanities and the arts engineering.material 01 natural sciences Archaeology Stone Age chemistry engineering 0601 history and archaeology Thermal damage Carbon Geology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Field Archaeology. 42:364-377 |
| ISSN: | 2042-4582 0093-4690 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/00934690.2017.1337438 |
| Popis: | Here we present a database of responses by South African agate and chalcedony to heat treatment. This will assist analyses of heated stone tools not only in South African archaeological sites, but wherever heated agate and chalcedony pieces were knapped. The minerals are abundant worldwide. To replicate potential heating methods during the Stone Age we placed some minerals in a wood fire, some under coals, and others were buried in sediments beneath fires. Thermal responses include lustrous flaked surfaces, pot lid fractures, semi-circular internal fractures, rough internal surfaces, and crazing. Aerobic heating is implied by pot lid fractures. To explain the thermal responses we analyzed the minerals using X-ray fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and carbon and sulfur analyses. Our chalcedony contains more water and impurities than agate, making it more vulnerable to thermal damage. Our method of combining field experiments with chemical analyses has global applications even though we expect that ... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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