| Autor: |
Jonathan Merriam, Patricia L. Ristow, Marit Arana, Barbara Reed, Cynthia A. Batchelder, D. Denise Mullinax, Thomas Shultz, Izukan Zallo, Gerald Higginbotham, Deanne Meyer |
| Rok vydání: |
2006 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 22:121-126 |
| ISSN: |
1943-7838 |
| DOI: |
10.13031/2013.20188 |
| Popis: |
Water use was measured on 16 California dairies to calculate the relative proportions of inflow sources to dairy lagoons and holding ponds. Measurements were compared to current engineering and regulatory standards for dairy water use. Water used for milking parlor and udder hygiene were the largest contributors to the liquid storage inflow. Parlor and udder hygiene water comprised an average 56% (±10) of the total volume entering the lagoon during a 120-day storage period. Milking parlor and udder hygiene water use had a low seasonal variability but high cross-farm variability. Water use ranged from 170 to 734 L cow-1day-1 (45 to 194 gal cow-1day-1) with an average of 290 L cow-1day-1 (± 147) (77 gal cow-1day-1 ± 39). Current engineering and regulatory dairy water use standards and on-farm water use estimates inaccurately represented actual parlor and udder hygiene water use on dairies in California’s Central Valley. New dairy designs need to be based on more precise estimation methods that include site specific information and current dairy management styles especially for parlor and hygiene water use. All dairies, new and existing should install water meters prior to design of manure treatment technologies. Continued use of incorrect values in designing storage structures will result in costly mistakes and potential regulatory violations. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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